1It is biological process by which all blood cells and formed elements are generated.
Hematopoiesis
2What are the stages of Hematopoiesis
Mesoblastic → Hepatic → Myeloid
3Blood-cell production that occurs in the bone marrow?
Medullary hematopoiesis
4Hematopoiesis that occurs outside the bone marrow?
Extramedullary hematopoiesis
5The major hematopoietic site in adults?
Bone marrow
6The marrow that contains hematopoietic elements?
Red marrow
7The marrow that contains fat cells?
Yellow marrow
8The major blood-cell production site during the second trimester?
Liver
9Liver macrophages found in the sinusoids?
Kupffer cells
10The largest lymphoid organ located beneath the diaphragm behind the stomach?
Spleen
11The lymphoid organ involved in lymphocyte proliferation, immune response, and filtering particles and bacteria?
Lymph node
12The two-lobed organ where T-cell development and maturation occur?
Thymus
13The lymphoid/immune region of the spleen containing lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells?
White pulp
14The macrophage-rich region of the spleen associated with blood filtration and RBC recycling?
Red pulp
15The active B-cell area where proliferation and maturation occur?
Germinal center
16The interface region of the spleen involved in antigen capture and early immune surveillance?
Marginal zone
17The internal supporting divisions within the spleen?
Trabeculae
18Lymphatic vessels that bring lymph into a lymph node?
Afferent lymphatic vessels
19Lymphatic vessels that carry lymph out of a lymph node?
Efferent lymphatic vessels
20The outer region of a lymph node associated with lymphoid follicles and B-cell areas?
Cortex
21The lymph-node region associated with T cells and macrophages?
Paracortex
22The inner region of a lymph node where filtered lymph drains?
Medulla
23A lymph-node follicle without a germinal center?
Primary follicle
24A lymph-node follicle containing a germinal center?
Secondary follicle
25The most versatile stem-cell type present during the first few hours after fertilization?
Totipotential stem cell
26Stem cells that can develop into any cell type and are present several days after fertilization?
Pluripotential stem cells
27Stem cells derived from pluripotential stem cells that are more restricted to specific cell and tissue lineages?
Multipotential stem cells
28The earliest hematopoietic stage occurring in the yolk-sac blood islands?
Mesoblastic stage
29The site of hematopoiesis during the mesoblastic stage?
Yolk-sac blood islands
30The hematopoietic stage active about 8–12 weeks and confined to erythropoiesis?
Mesoblastic stage
31The stage when the fetal liver becomes active around the 3rd month?
Hepatic stage
32The stage when bone marrow becomes the main hematopoietic site around the 5th–6th month?
Myeloid stage
33The main source of blood-cell production at birth?
Bone marrow
34Hemoglobin composed of 2 zeta and 2 epsilon chains?
Gower 1
35Hemoglobin composed of 2 zeta and 2 gamma chains?
Portland
36Hemoglobin composed of 2 alpha and 2 epsilon chains?
Gower 2
37Hemoglobin composed of 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains?
HbF
38Hemoglobin composed of 2 alpha and 2 beta chains?
HbA / HbA1
39Hemoglobin composed of 2 alpha and 2 delta chains?
HbA2
40The numeric expression comparing granulocytic precursors with erythroid precursors in bone marrow?
Myeloid-to-erythroid ratio
41The normal myeloid-to-erythroid ratio?
2:1 to 4:1
42The preferred number of cells to count during a bone marrow differential?
1,000 cells
43The minimum number of cells that should be counted during a bone marrow differential?
500 cells
44The safest bone marrow collection site for adults?
Posterior iliac crest
45The alternative bone marrow collection site?
Sternum
46The bone marrow collection site for very young children under 18 months?
Tibia
47Factors produced by many cells that act specifically on target cells at low concentrations?
Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)
48The colony-forming unit that gives rise to granulocytes, erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, and monocytes?
CFU-GEMM
49The colony-forming unit that gives rise to erythrocytes?
CFU-E
50The colony-forming unit that gives rise to megakaryocytes?
CFU-Meg
51The colony-forming unit that gives rise to monocytes?
CFU-M
52The colony-forming unit that gives rise to granulocytes and monocytes?
CFU-GM
53The colony-forming unit that gives rise to basophils?
CFU-BASO
54The colony-forming unit that gives rise to eosinophils?
CFU-EO
55The colony-forming unit that gives rise to neutrophils?
CFU-G
56The colony-forming unit that gives rise to T lymphocytes?
CFU-pre-T
57The colony-forming unit that gives rise to B lymphocytes?
CFU-pre-B