Chapter 5&6

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1
It is biological process by which all blood cells and formed elements are generated.
Hematopoiesis
2
What are the stages of Hematopoiesis
Mesoblastic → Hepatic → Myeloid
3
Blood-cell production that occurs in the bone marrow?
Medullary hematopoiesis
4
Hematopoiesis that occurs outside the bone marrow?
Extramedullary hematopoiesis
5
The major hematopoietic site in adults?
Bone marrow
6
The marrow that contains hematopoietic elements?
Red marrow
7
The marrow that contains fat cells?
Yellow marrow
8
The major blood-cell production site during the second trimester?
Liver
9
Liver macrophages found in the sinusoids?
Kupffer cells
10
The largest lymphoid organ located beneath the diaphragm behind the stomach?
Spleen
11
The lymphoid organ involved in lymphocyte proliferation, immune response, and filtering particles and bacteria?
Lymph node
12
The two-lobed organ where T-cell development and maturation occur?
Thymus
13
The lymphoid/immune region of the spleen containing lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells?
White pulp
14
The macrophage-rich region of the spleen associated with blood filtration and RBC recycling?
Red pulp
15
The active B-cell area where proliferation and maturation occur?
Germinal center
16
The interface region of the spleen involved in antigen capture and early immune surveillance?
Marginal zone
17
The internal supporting divisions within the spleen?
Trabeculae
18
Lymphatic vessels that bring lymph into a lymph node?
Afferent lymphatic vessels
19
Lymphatic vessels that carry lymph out of a lymph node?
Efferent lymphatic vessels
20
The outer region of a lymph node associated with lymphoid follicles and B-cell areas?
Cortex
21
The lymph-node region associated with T cells and macrophages?
Paracortex
22
The inner region of a lymph node where filtered lymph drains?
Medulla
23
A lymph-node follicle without a germinal center?
Primary follicle
24
A lymph-node follicle containing a germinal center?
Secondary follicle
25
The most versatile stem-cell type present during the first few hours after fertilization?
Totipotential stem cell
26
Stem cells that can develop into any cell type and are present several days after fertilization?
Pluripotential stem cells
27
Stem cells derived from pluripotential stem cells that are more restricted to specific cell and tissue lineages?
Multipotential stem cells
28
The earliest hematopoietic stage occurring in the yolk-sac blood islands?
Mesoblastic stage
29
The site of hematopoiesis during the mesoblastic stage?
Yolk-sac blood islands
30
The hematopoietic stage active about 8–12 weeks and confined to erythropoiesis?
Mesoblastic stage
31
The stage when the fetal liver becomes active around the 3rd month?
Hepatic stage
32
The stage when bone marrow becomes the main hematopoietic site around the 5th–6th month?
Myeloid stage
33
The main source of blood-cell production at birth?
Bone marrow
34
Hemoglobin composed of 2 zeta and 2 epsilon chains?
Gower 1
35
Hemoglobin composed of 2 zeta and 2 gamma chains?
Portland
36
Hemoglobin composed of 2 alpha and 2 epsilon chains?
Gower 2
37
Hemoglobin composed of 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains?
HbF
38
Hemoglobin composed of 2 alpha and 2 beta chains?
HbA / HbA1
39
Hemoglobin composed of 2 alpha and 2 delta chains?
HbA2
40
The numeric expression comparing granulocytic precursors with erythroid precursors in bone marrow?
Myeloid-to-erythroid ratio
41
The normal myeloid-to-erythroid ratio?
2:1 to 4:1
42
The preferred number of cells to count during a bone marrow differential?
1,000 cells
43
The minimum number of cells that should be counted during a bone marrow differential?
500 cells
44
The safest bone marrow collection site for adults?
Posterior iliac crest
45
The alternative bone marrow collection site?
Sternum
46
The bone marrow collection site for very young children under 18 months?
Tibia
47
Factors produced by many cells that act specifically on target cells at low concentrations?
Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)
48
The colony-forming unit that gives rise to granulocytes, erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, and monocytes?
CFU-GEMM
49
The colony-forming unit that gives rise to erythrocytes?
CFU-E
50
The colony-forming unit that gives rise to megakaryocytes?
CFU-Meg
51
The colony-forming unit that gives rise to monocytes?
CFU-M
52
The colony-forming unit that gives rise to granulocytes and monocytes?
CFU-GM
53
The colony-forming unit that gives rise to basophils?
CFU-BASO
54
The colony-forming unit that gives rise to eosinophils?
CFU-EO
55
The colony-forming unit that gives rise to neutrophils?
CFU-G
56
The colony-forming unit that gives rise to T lymphocytes?
CFU-pre-T
57
The colony-forming unit that gives rise to B lymphocytes?
CFU-pre-B
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