1Process that kills all forms of life, including spores?
Sterilization
2Process during which most pathogenic organisms are destroyed?
Disinfection
3Disinfectants used on living tissue?
Antiseptics
4Most commonly used method for removal of microorganisms
Heat
5Method that does not require water. Kills microorganism by denaturing proteins. Recommended for sterilization of glassware, oil products and powder.
Dry heat
6Most common method for treating infectious waste using very high temperatures?
Incineration
7Dry heat method used for glassware, certain metals, oils, petrolatum, and powders at 160°C–180°C?
Oven
8Method used for sterilizing inoculating loops and needles by direct heating?
Flame
9Method utilized to control the spread of communicable disease by burning?
Cremation
10It coagulates proteins
Moist Heat
11Moist heat method that coagulates proteins and is highly effective for sterilization and waste disposal?
Autoclave
12Autoclave condition used for sterilization: 121°C at 15 psi for 15 minutes?
Autoclaving
13Biological indicator used for autoclaving?
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
14Process that alternates heating, incubation, and heating again?
Fractional/Intermittent/Discontinuous sterilization
15Method using flowing steam at 100°C for 30 minutes for 3 successive days?
Tyndallization
16Method used to sterilize protein-rich media by thickening the culture medium through evaporation?
Inspissation
17Temperature and time used for inspissation?
70–80°C for 2 hours for 3 consecutive days
18Method that destroys vegetative bacteria at 100°C for 10–15 minutes?
Boiling
19Process used to sterilize milk, dairy products, and alcoholic beverages?
Pasteurization
20Process that eliminates foodborne pathogens and organisms responsible for food spoilage but cannot eliminate bacterial endospores?
Pasteurization
21Pasteurization method using 63°C for 30 minutes?
Low Temperature Holding (LTH)/Batch method
22Pasteurization method using quick heating at 72°C for 15 seconds followed by immediate cooling?
High Temperature Short Time (HTST)/Flash pasteurization
23Pasteurization method using 140°C for 3 seconds?
Ultra High Temperature (UHT)
24Pasteurization method that allows milk to be stored at room temperature for about two months without affecting flavor?
Ultra High Temperature (UHT)
25Method used when sterilization by heat is not feasible?
Filtration
26Method of choice for antibiotic solutions, toxic chemicals, radioisotopes, vaccines, and carbohydrates?
Filtration
27Filter made of fibrous or granular materials, such as Berkefeld, Chamberland, and asbestos filters?
Depth filter
28Are porous membranes almost 0.1 um thick composed of cellulose acetate or polycarbonate. Designed to sterilize pharmaceuticals, ophthalmic solutions, culture media,
Membrane filter
29It uses cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate membrane with vacuum.
Liquid filtration
30It uses HEPA filters which removes > organisms larger than 0.3 um from isolation rooms, OR & BSCs.
Air filtration
31It utilizes with membrane filters with 0.45 um pores. Membrane filters pores ranging in size from 0.2 um to 0.45 um in diameter remove most bacteria as well as fungi but not viruses.
Filtration of bacteria, yeasts and molds
32It uses membrane filters with 0.22 um pores ideal for parenteral solutions and alcohol. Membrane filters with 0.22 um pores are used to eradicate vegetative cells and spores but not viral agents.
Critical sterilizing
33Cold sterilization method that uses high-energy gamma rays and X-rays?
Ionizing radiation
34Radiation method used to sterilize disposable plastic syringes, catheters, gloves, hormone solutions, antibiotics, and sutures?
Ionizing radiation (cold sterilization)
35Radiation method that uses UV rays with longer wavelengths and low energy?
Non-ionizing radiation
36Radiation method used to sterilize exposed surfaces, operating rooms, nursery rooms, and cafeterias?
Non-ionizing radiation
37Most lethal wavelength of UV radiation mentioned in the text?
260 um
38Biological indicator for radiation sterilization?
Bacillus pumilus
39Chemical sterilant commonly used for materials that cannot be autoclaved?
Ethylene glycol
40Chemical sterilant used to sterilize HEPA filters in biological safety cabinets?
Formaldehyde vapor and vapor-phase hydrogen peroxide
41Chemical sterilant that is sporicidal in 3–10 hours and is used for bronchoscopes?
Glutaraldehyde
42Chemical sterilant effective in the presence of organic material and used for surgical instruments?
Peracetic acid
43Process involving the removal, inhibition, or killing of potential pathogens using chemical agents, usually on inanimate objects?
Disinfection
44MECHANISM BY WHICH CHEMICAL DISINFECTANS DESTROY MICROORGANISMS
1. Reaction with components of cytoplasmic membrane
2. Denaturation of cellular proteins
3. Reaction with thiol groups of enzymes
4. Damage to DNA and RNA
1. Reaction with components of cytoplasmic membrane
2. Denaturation of cellular proteins
3. Reaction with thiol groups of enzymes
4. Damage to DNA and RNA
45FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE ACTIVITY OF DISINFECTANTS
1. Types of organism present.
2. Number of organism present (microbial load)
3. Temperature and ph level of the process
4. Concentration of dinsfectants
5. Amount of organics and biofilms
6. Length of contact time between the chemical agent and the microorganism
7. Type of water used for disinfection
46Agent that precipitates bacterial proteins and kills bacteria? Ex. strong acids such as sulfuric and HCL
Bactericidal agent
47Agent that inhibits the growth of microorganisms?
Bacteriostatic agent
48Chemical antiseptic/disinfectant limited mainly to skin and thermometers?
Alcohol
49Concentration of ethyl alcohol that is more effective as a disinfectant than 95% ethyl alcohol?
70% ethyl alcohol
50Chemical disinfectants that can kill endospores but have irritating fumes?
Aldehydes
51Aldehyde commonly used as an 8% disinfectant?
Formaldehyde
52Aldehyde commonly used as a 2% disinfectant?
Glutaraldehyde
53Antimicrobial agent that denatures proteins and dissolves lipid membranes but is non-sporicidal?
Alcohol
54Alcohol concentration range recommended for antimicrobial activity?
60–90%
55Examples of alcohols used as antiseptics?
Isopropanol and ethanol
56Chemical sterilant whose antibacterial effect results from inactivation of proteins and nucleic acids?
Aldehyde