CHAPTER 12

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1
Process of trimming and cutting processed tissue into uniformly thin sections for microscopic study?
Microtomy
2
Most common type of embedded tissue used in microtomy?
Paraffin-embedded tissue
3
Process of removing excess wax to expose the tissue surface?
Trimming
4
Process of cutting tissue into uniformly thin slices using a machine?
Sectioning
5
Microtome part that holds the tissue in position?
Block holder or chuck
6
Microtome parts responsible for cutting tissue sections?
Knife and knife carrier
7
Microtome parts that position the tissue block and adjust section thickness?
Pawl, ratchet feed wheel, and adjustment screw
8
Microtome also known as the Cambridge microtome?
Rocking microtome
9
Inventor of the rocking microtome?
Paldwell Trefall
10
Year the rocking microtome was invented?
1881
11
Simplest type of microtome?
Rocking microtome
12
Microtome used for serial sections of large paraffin-embedded tissue blocks?
Rocking microtome
13
Inventor of the rotary microtome?
George Richards Minot
14
Years the rotary microtome was invented?
1885–1886
15
Most common microtome used in routine and research laboratories?
Rotary microtome
16
Microtome commonly used for sectioning paraffin-embedded tissues?
Rotary microtome
17
Developer of the sliding microtome?
George Adams
18
Year the sliding microtome was developed?
1789
19
Most dangerous type of microtome due to its movable exposed knife?
Sliding microtome
20
Microtome used for cutting celloidin-embedded tissues?
Sliding microtome
21
Type of sliding microtome used for all forms of embedding media?
Base sledge microtome
22
Microtome especially suitable for hard tissues or large tissue blocks?
Base sledge microtome
23
Microtome ideal for resin-embedded decalcified bone?
Base sledge microtome
24
Type of microtome described as heavy-duty and electrically driven?
Base sledge microtome
25
Part that moves in a base sledge microtome?
Block holder
26
Part that remains stationary in a base sledge microtome?
Knife
27
Type of sliding microtome developed for celloidin-embedded tissue blocks?
Standard sliding microtome
28
Part that remains stationary in a standard sliding microtome?
Block holder
29
Part that moves forward and backward in a standard sliding microtome?
Knife
30
Type of sliding microtome considered more dangerous because of its moving knife?
Standard sliding microtome
31
Inventor of the freezing microtome?
John Queckett
32
Year the freezing microtome was invented?
1848
33
Microtome used to cut undehydrated tissues in a frozen state?
Freezing microtome
34
Microtome used for unembedded frozen sections?
Freezing microtome
35
Microtome also called the cold microtome?
Cryostat
36
Microtome most commonly used for rapid tissue preparation?
Cryostat
37
Refrigerated apparatus used in fresh tissue microtomy?
Cryostat
38
Device that maintains the temperature inside a cryostat?
Adjustable thermostat
39
Temperature range maintained inside a cryostat?
-5°C to -30°C
40
Average temperature maintained inside a cryostat?
-20°C
41
Usual type of microtome found inside a cryostat?
Rotary microtome
42
Microtome used to produce sections for electron microscopy?
Ultra-thin microtome
43
Embedding medium used for ultra-thin microtomy?
Plastic resins
44
Knives used in ultra-thin microtomy?
Glass and diamond knives
45
Thickness of semi-thin sections?
0.5–1 micron
46
Thickness of ultra-thin sections?
60–100 nanometers
47
Conventional steel knife with one flat side and one concave side?
Plane concave knife
48
Length of a plane concave knife?
25 mm
49
Knife used in base sledge, rotary, and rocking microtomes?
Plane concave knife
50
Side of a plane concave knife used for celloidin-embedded tissue?
Less concave side
51
Side of a plane concave knife used for paraffin-embedded tissue?
More concave side
52
Conventional steel knife with two concave sides?
Biconcave knife
53
Length of a biconcave knife?
120 mm
54
Microtome that uses a biconcave knife?
Rotary microtome
55
Type of tissue section cut using a biconcave knife?
Paraffin-embedded section
56
Conventional steel knife with two straight sides?
Plane wedge knife
57
Length of a plane wedge knife?
100 mm
58
Knife used in base sledge or sliding microtomes?
Plane wedge knife
59
Knife used for frozen sections or very hard and tough paraffin-embedded tissues?
Plane wedge knife
60
Angle formed between the actual cutting edges of a microtome knife?
Bevel angle
61
Normal bevel angle of a microtome knife?
27°–32°
62
Angle that provides optimum tissue penetration and minimizes distortion?
Inclination angle
63
Optimum inclination angle of a microtome knife?
15°
64
Angle formed between the tissue block surface and the knife's cutting edge?
Clearance angle
65
Range of the clearance angle?
0°–15°
66
Recommended clearance angle to prevent uneven sections?
5°–10°
67
Knife angle adjustment that prevents alternating thin and thick sections?
Proper clearance angle
68
Process of removing irregularities and nicks from conventional steel knives?
Honing
69
Another term for honing?
Hard sharpening
70
Direction of knife movement during honing?
Heel to toe
71
Knife edge position during honing?
Edge f
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