Chap 5&6 part 2

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1
The pathway that produces neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, erythrocytes, and megakaryocytes?
Common myeloid pathway
2
The pathway that produces dendritic cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells?
Common lymphoid pathway
3
The cells that are less than 1% of bone marrow cells?
Stem cells
4
The hematopoietic factors listed in the reviewer?
EPO, TPO, IL-3
5
Factors involved in stem-cell mobilization?
G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-3
6
The pan T-cell markers?
CD2 and CD3
7
The marker associated with T-helper cells?
CD4
8
The marker associated with cytotoxic T cells?
CD8
9
The pan-myeloid marker listed as CD13?
CD13
10
The markers associated with monocytes?
CD11c and CD14
11
The pan B-cell markers?
CD19 and CD20
12
The pan-myeloid marker listed as CD33?
CD33
13
The stem-cell marker?
CD34
14
The markers associated with natural killer cells?
CD16 and CD56
15
The marker known as CALLA and associated with ALL?
CD10
16
The process by which the body produces new red blood cells?
Erythropoiesis
17
The time normally required from pronormoblast to reticulocyte production?
3–5 days
18
The time reticulocytes remain in bone marrow before release?
1–2 days
19
The time a reticulocyte continues to mature in circulation?
About 1 day
20
The supplemental trigger for increased erythropoiesis caused by low oxygen?
Hypoxia
21
The hormone that regulates or induces erythroid production in bone marrow?
EPO
22
The sequence of early erythroid commitment?
CFU-GEMM → BFU-E → CFU-E → Pronormoblast
23
The earliest identifiable erythroid colony?
BFU-E
24
The erythroid colony that forms a large multiclustered colony resembling a cluster of grapes?
BFU-E
25
The erythroid cell with many EPO receptors and an absolute requirement for EPO?
CFU-E
26
The factor that drives CFU-E toward pronormoblasts?
EPO
27
The earliest visually recognized erythrocyte precursor in bone marrow?
Pronormoblast
28
The factor that stimulates proliferation and differentiation of neutrophil and macrophage colonies from CFU-GM?
GM-CSF
29
The multilineage stimulating factor that supports granulocytes, monocytes, megakaryocytes, and erythroid cells?
IL-3
30
The factors influencing megakaryocytopoiesis?
GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-6, IL-11, KIT ligand, and TPO
31
The factor that helps control platelet production and release together with IL-11?
TPO
32
Cell fragments formed from megakaryocytes?
Platelets
33
The cytokine produced by kidney peritubular interstitial cells that stimulates erythroid progenitors?
EPO
34
The cytokine that supports granulocyte/neutrophil lineage growth and maturation?
G-CSF
35
The cytokine that supports CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell growth and activation?
IL-2
36
The cytokine that promotes proliferation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells?
IL-3
37
The cytokine that supports T/B-cell growth and megakaryocyte maturation?
IL-6
38
The cytokine that inhibits cytokine production and macrophage activity?
IL-10
39
The cytokine that promotes T-cell/Th1 differentiation?
IL-12
40
The cytokine that supports CD4/CD8 T-cell proliferation and CD8/NK cytotoxicity?
IL-15
41
The cytokine with antiviral properties that enhances MHC expression?
IFN-alpha
42
The erythroid precursor also called a rubriblast?
Pronormoblast
43
The erythroid precursor also called a prorubricyte?
Basophilic normoblast
44
The erythroid precursor also called a rubricyte?
Polychromatic normoblast
45
The erythroid precursor also called a metarubricyte?
Orthochromic normoblast
46
The general maturation change in cell diameter?
Cell diameter decreases
47
The general maturation change in nuclear diameter?
Nuclear diameter decreases
48
The general maturation change in nuclear chromatin?
It becomes coarser, clumped, and condensed
49
The nuclear structures that disappear during maturation?
Nucleoli
50
The staining caused by acidic cellular material such as RNA?
Basophilia
51
The dye described as a basic dye in the reviewer?
Methylene blue
52
The staining caused by more basic protein-rich material?
Acidophilia/eosinophilia
53
The acidic dye used for eosinophilic staining?
Eosin
54
The earliest visually recognized erythroid precursor measuring about 14–20 µm with an N:C ratio of 8:1?
Pronormoblast
55
The erythroid stage measuring about 12–17 µm with an N:C ratio of 6:1?
Basophilic normoblast
56
The erythroid stage measuring about 10–15 µm with an N:C ratio of 4:1?
Polychromatic normoblast
57
The last erythroid stage capable of cell division?
Polychromatic normoblast
58
The last nucleated erythroid stage?
Orthochromic normoblast
59
The condensed nucleus expelled from an orthochromic normoblast?
Pyrenocyte
60
The erythroid stage with no nucleus and residual reticulum/RNA?
Reticulocyte
61
The supravital stain used to demonstrate residual reticulum/RNA in reticulocytes?
New Methylene Blue
62
The mature RBC specialized for hemoglobin-mediated gas transport?
Mature erythrocyte
63
The approximate diameter of a mature erythrocyte?
7–8 µm
64
The shape of a mature erythrocyte?
Biconcave
65
The process of removing old or abnormal RBCs in the spleen?
Culling
66
The process of removing RBC inclusions while the RBC itself survives?
Pitting
67
DNA remnants or nuclear inclusions found in RBCs?
Howell-Jolly bodies
68
The scientific study of RBC production, maturation, and destruction?
Erythrokinetics
69
The collection of all stages of erythrocytes throughout the body?
Erythron
70
The amount or mass of circulating RBCs?
RBC mass
71
The glycoprotein hormone of approximately 165 amino acids involved in erythropoiesis?
EPO
72
Hemolysis that occurs outside blood vessels, especially in the spleen or liver?
Extravascular hemolysis
73
Hemolysis that occurs inside the vasculature or circulating blood?
Intravascular hemolysis
74
The type of hemolysis involving macrophage-mediated RBC removal?
Extravascular hemolysis
75
The type of hemolysis involving RBC rupture or fragmentation inside blood vessels?
Intravascular hemolysis
76
The structure formed by endothelial cells lining venous sinuses and the basement membrane that RBCs must pass through?
Splenic sieve
77
Proteins that help salvage released hemoglobin and iron during intravascular hemolysis?
Haptoglobin and hemopexin
78
The RBC breakdown components listed in the lecture?
Iron, heme, globin, and protoporphyrin
79
The erythroid maturation sequence from pronormoblast to mature RBC?
Pronormoblast → basophilic normoblast → polychromatic normoblast → orthochromic normoblast → reticulocyte → mature RBC
80
The N:C ratios from pronormoblast through orthochromic normoblast?
8:1 → 6:1 → 4:1 → 1:2
81
The general cytoplasmic color change during erythroid maturation?
Blue toward pink
82
The final mature erythroid cell that is anucleated, pink, round, and biconcave?
Mature erythrocyte
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