1The pathway that produces neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, erythrocytes, and megakaryocytes?
Common myeloid pathway
2The pathway that produces dendritic cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells?
Common lymphoid pathway
3The cells that are less than 1% of bone marrow cells?
Stem cells
4The hematopoietic factors listed in the reviewer?
EPO, TPO, IL-3
5Factors involved in stem-cell mobilization?
G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-3
6The pan T-cell markers?
CD2 and CD3
7The marker associated with T-helper cells?
CD4
8The marker associated with cytotoxic T cells?
CD8
9The pan-myeloid marker listed as CD13?
CD13
10The markers associated with monocytes?
CD11c and CD14
11The pan B-cell markers?
CD19 and CD20
12The pan-myeloid marker listed as CD33?
CD33
13The stem-cell marker?
CD34
14The markers associated with natural killer cells?
CD16 and CD56
15The marker known as CALLA and associated with ALL?
CD10
16The process by which the body produces new red blood cells?
Erythropoiesis
17The time normally required from pronormoblast to reticulocyte production?
3–5 days
18The time reticulocytes remain in bone marrow before release?
1–2 days
19The time a reticulocyte continues to mature in circulation?
About 1 day
20The supplemental trigger for increased erythropoiesis caused by low oxygen?
Hypoxia
21The hormone that regulates or induces erythroid production in bone marrow?
EPO
22The sequence of early erythroid commitment?
CFU-GEMM → BFU-E → CFU-E → Pronormoblast
23The earliest identifiable erythroid colony?
BFU-E
24The erythroid colony that forms a large multiclustered colony resembling a cluster of grapes?
BFU-E
25The erythroid cell with many EPO receptors and an absolute requirement for EPO?
CFU-E
26The factor that drives CFU-E toward pronormoblasts?
EPO
27The earliest visually recognized erythrocyte precursor in bone marrow?
Pronormoblast
28The factor that stimulates proliferation and differentiation of neutrophil and macrophage colonies from CFU-GM?
GM-CSF
29The multilineage stimulating factor that supports granulocytes, monocytes, megakaryocytes, and erythroid cells?
IL-3
30The factors influencing megakaryocytopoiesis?
GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-6, IL-11, KIT ligand, and TPO
31The factor that helps control platelet production and release together with IL-11?
TPO
32Cell fragments formed from megakaryocytes?
Platelets
33The cytokine produced by kidney peritubular interstitial cells that stimulates erythroid progenitors?
EPO
34The cytokine that supports granulocyte/neutrophil lineage growth and maturation?
G-CSF
35The cytokine that supports CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell growth and activation?
IL-2
36The cytokine that promotes proliferation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells?
IL-3
37The cytokine that supports T/B-cell growth and megakaryocyte maturation?
IL-6
38The cytokine that inhibits cytokine production and macrophage activity?
IL-10
39The cytokine that promotes T-cell/Th1 differentiation?
IL-12
40The cytokine that supports CD4/CD8 T-cell proliferation and CD8/NK cytotoxicity?
IL-15
41The cytokine with antiviral properties that enhances MHC expression?
IFN-alpha
42The erythroid precursor also called a rubriblast?
Pronormoblast
43The erythroid precursor also called a prorubricyte?
Basophilic normoblast
44The erythroid precursor also called a rubricyte?
Polychromatic normoblast
45The erythroid precursor also called a metarubricyte?
Orthochromic normoblast
46The general maturation change in cell diameter?
Cell diameter decreases
47The general maturation change in nuclear diameter?
Nuclear diameter decreases
48The general maturation change in nuclear chromatin?
It becomes coarser, clumped, and condensed
49The nuclear structures that disappear during maturation?
Nucleoli
50The staining caused by acidic cellular material such as RNA?
Basophilia
51The dye described as a basic dye in the reviewer?
Methylene blue
52The staining caused by more basic protein-rich material?
Acidophilia/eosinophilia
53The acidic dye used for eosinophilic staining?
Eosin
54The earliest visually recognized erythroid precursor measuring about 14–20 µm with an N:C ratio of 8:1?
Pronormoblast
55The erythroid stage measuring about 12–17 µm with an N:C ratio of 6:1?
Basophilic normoblast
56The erythroid stage measuring about 10–15 µm with an N:C ratio of 4:1?
Polychromatic normoblast
57The last erythroid stage capable of cell division?
Polychromatic normoblast
58The last nucleated erythroid stage?
Orthochromic normoblast
59The condensed nucleus expelled from an orthochromic normoblast?
Pyrenocyte
60The erythroid stage with no nucleus and residual reticulum/RNA?
Reticulocyte
61The supravital stain used to demonstrate residual reticulum/RNA in reticulocytes?
New Methylene Blue
62The mature RBC specialized for hemoglobin-mediated gas transport?
Mature erythrocyte
63The approximate diameter of a mature erythrocyte?
7–8 µm
64The shape of a mature erythrocyte?
Biconcave
65The process of removing old or abnormal RBCs in the spleen?
Culling
66The process of removing RBC inclusions while the RBC itself survives?
Pitting
67DNA remnants or nuclear inclusions found in RBCs?
Howell-Jolly bodies
68The scientific study of RBC production, maturation, and destruction?
Erythrokinetics
69The collection of all stages of erythrocytes throughout the body?
Erythron
70The amount or mass of circulating RBCs?
RBC mass
71The glycoprotein hormone of approximately 165 amino acids involved in erythropoiesis?
EPO
72Hemolysis that occurs outside blood vessels, especially in the spleen or liver?
Extravascular hemolysis
73Hemolysis that occurs inside the vasculature or circulating blood?
Intravascular hemolysis
74The type of hemolysis involving macrophage-mediated RBC removal?
Extravascular hemolysis
75The type of hemolysis involving RBC rupture or fragmentation inside blood vessels?
Intravascular hemolysis
76The structure formed by endothelial cells lining venous sinuses and the basement membrane that RBCs must pass through?
Splenic sieve
77Proteins that help salvage released hemoglobin and iron during intravascular hemolysis?
Haptoglobin and hemopexin
78The RBC breakdown components listed in the lecture?
Iron, heme, globin, and protoporphyrin
79The erythroid maturation sequence from pronormoblast to mature RBC?
Pronormoblast → basophilic normoblast → polychromatic normoblast → orthochromic normoblast → reticulocyte → mature RBC
80The N:C ratios from pronormoblast through orthochromic normoblast?
8:1 → 6:1 → 4:1 → 1:2
81The general cytoplasmic color change during erythroid maturation?
Blue toward pink
82The final mature erythroid cell that is anucleated, pink, round, and biconcave?
Mature erythrocyte