Geography

Thin layer that surrounds the Earth

21

78%

480km

troposphere and stratosphere

solar energy

Energy that travels through space from the sun, in the form of light and heat

Summer - norther hemisphere tilted towards sun - more solar radiation
Winter - northern hemisphere tilted away

movement of air over the surface of the earth

Low pressure because air is heated, and rises because the equator receives direct rays from the sun

1. Trade winds
2. Doldrums
3. Prevailing westerlies
4. Horse latitudes
5. Polar easterlies

High pressure to low pressure

North Atlantic Drift

Labrador Current

Movement of water in ocean, like a river flowing through the ocean

large moving pockets of air.

- Large
- Travels as single unit
- Temperature, pressure and moisture are similar at any point within the air mass

Polar maritime - from north-west atlantic - cold and wet
Arctic - from north pole, cold

Place where two different air masses meet

warm, cold, occluded

red semicircles

blue triangles

purple semi-circles

descending air, temperatures rise
high atmospheric pressure
clockwise winds
light winds
clear skies and cold nights
dry weather

ascending air, temps fall
low pressure
anti- clockwise winds
strong winds
cloudy
wet

stratus, cumulus, cirrus

stratus

1. Cirrus highest
2. Cumulus middle
3. Status lowest

clouds form when warm air rises and cools. Water vapour condenses into tiny droplets which become a cloud

convectional, cyclonic, relief

Winds pick up moisture from the sea, making the air most.
Moist air forced to rise up over mountains and cliffs
Air is forced to cool, forming clouds.
Forced over mountain and dropped as relief rain
Warms on other side, creating rain shadow without rain

thermometer

barograph

hygrometer

stevenson screen

wind vane

anemometor

rain gauge

Campbell stokes recorder

hurricane irma

huge rotating storm with strong winds and lots of rain

near equator over warm ocean water

September 2017

5

295 kmph

134

\$100 billion

1. Large boulders at base of cliff or in front of sand dunes
2. Wave breaks and loses energy
3. Tramore, Waterford

vegetation leads to plant litter. This makes humus which makes the soil more fertile

Dark jelly like substance. Decay. Binds, nutrients, fertile.

tundra

type of aid that comes with conditions. For example, the developing country will have to purchase certain products from the richer country

long period of time. Focuses on healthcare, education and infrastructure. Can be money or personnel

Food, water, medicine and basic supplies.
Follows natural disaster.
Time of war

- increase earnings so that you can buy medicine/ healthcare
- don't have to get manual job, easier on the body

brown earth soils

fishing