Exam 3 Hist

the second wife of Henry VIII and mother of Elizabeth I

Aztec protector god

Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco

floating farming islands made by the Aztec

Aztec main god, Born at Sunrise Dies at sunset

Aztec Sun god

Aztec rain god

Spiritual Guide, make shift doctors

Aztec language, Pictoral writing

Spanish explorer/conquistador who led conquest of Aztec

Powerful Aztec monarch who fell to Spanish conquerors

exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world

forced migration, losing identity or culture over generations

Inca empire – means the land of four quarters, Cuzco Capital

a runner in the Incan empire who carried messages

Incan language, oral

Incan counting system

Spanish conquistador who conquered Incan Empire

Incan ruler who hoped to use Spanish resources to defeat brother in civil war

Battle where Atahualpa was captured and killed by Spaniards

Venetian merchant and traveler

Based on Marco Polo's travels; motivated later explorers

God, Gold, Glory

reconquering of Iberian Peninsula from Muslim powers

Jews and Muslims must convert, leave, or be tortured

Portuguese navigator who explored west Africa

Portuguese explorer who rounded tip of Africa

first European to reach India by sea

Set up Goa and seized control of spice trade

Claimed Brazil for Portugal; set up sugarcane plantations

King and Queen of Spain who unified Spain and spread Christianity

Spanish explorer who found Bahamas and Cuba

Spanish explorer who gave the New World its name

First world map to use modern names

First European to see the Pacific Ocean from the Americas

Set out to circumnavigate the globe; died in Philippines

Finished the circumnavigation of the globe after Magellan

Royal governors in the Spanish colonies

Spanish colony from California to Panama, capital Mexico City

Spanish colony from Panama through South America, capital Cuzco

Early form of slavery

Critic of Encomienda system; promoted African labor

How locals were to join the Spanish empire

Divided the world between Spain and Portugal

Aimed to build an economic empire through trade colonies

Dutch economic settlement in North America

English explorer who claimed Newfoundland

First successful English colony; grew tobacco

Tickets to heaven sold by the Church

German monk who led the Protestant Reformation

Martin Luther's list of Church abuses

Faith and works, tradition, Latin mass, indulgences, pope

Faith alone, Bible alone, vernacular worship, no pope

Luther’s call to break from Rome

Excommunicated Martin Luther

Trial of Martin Luther

Protected Martin Luther

Opposed anything not in the Bible

Believed in adult baptism and church-state separation

Formed Church of England after annulment conflict

Henry VIII’s first wife; only Mary survived

Granted Henry VIII’s annulment

Made Henry VIII head of Church of England

Gave birth to Edward VI, died in childbirth

Protestant son of Henry VIII, named Jane Grey heir

“Bloody Mary,” persecuted Protestants

Restored Protestantism in England

Reformer who promoted predestination

Founder of Presbyterianism in Scotland

French Protestants

Reaffirmed Catholic beliefs, ended sale of indulgences

Founded by Ignatius of Loyola, promoted sacrifice and obedience

Mass killing of Huguenots in France

Granted religious freedom in France

Failed Catholic invasion of England

Ended Thirty Years' War, ruler sets religion

Guide on identifying and executing witches

Earth is center of the universe

Proposed heliocentric model

Sun is center, planets orbit around it

Proved elliptical planetary orbits

Proved heliocentrism with telescope

Laws of motion and gravity; Principia Mathematica

Empiricism and scientific method

Knowledge through observation and experimentation

Separated science and religion

Believed in authoritarian rule due to human nature

Natural rights and limited government

Promoted checks and balances

Belief in a non-mysterious rational god

Edited the first encyclopedia

Advocated freedom of speech and religion

Father of capitalism, wrote Wealth of Nations

Government-controlled trade

Conflict over land; led to global war

Ended French and Indian War; gave land to Britain

Caused by debt and rising middle class

Called Estates-General to reform tax code

Three social classes in pre-revolution France

Lists of grievances from each estate

Revolutionary third estate assembly

Pledge to draft a constitution

Prison stormed at start of French Revolution

Outlined rights of citizens

Protest to Versailles demanding bread

Failed currency bonds

Abolished monarchy, new constitution

Led Reign of Terror

Five-man government after Robespierre

Rose during Revolution, became emperor

Recognized Catholicism, but under state control

Led Haitian Revolution

Napoleon's trade blockade of Britain

British naval victory over Napoleon

Napoleon's war in Spain and Portugal

Napoleon defeated and exiled to Elba

Napoleon's final defeat, exiled to St. Helena