Renaissance P1

THE _______ TAUGHT PEOPLE TO ADMIRE PERFECT
PROPORTIONS. THE _____ WANTED PEOPLE TO FEEL AWE, WONDER, AND DEVOTION."

A STORY OF DRAMA, EMOTION,
AND THE GLORY OF GOD

From French: re-birth, Italian: Rinascimento, from rinascere "to be reborn";

The word Renaissance was first used and defined by French historian _____ (1798–1874), in his 1855 work, _____

Describes the intellectual and economic changes that occurred in Europe from 14th-17th century

"Rebirth" in arts, learning, trade in Europe beginning in the 1300's
Recovery from disasters of plague, political instability, decline of church power
Transition of Europe from agricultural to urban society

person capable of many achievements (Leonardo da Vinci painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, mathematician)

Renaissance began in

Center of old Roman Empire, close to classic civilizations
Center of trade with other regions
provided wealth,
exchange of ideas
urban trading cities
center of banking

What historical events influenced the development of a new building type? (di kailangan answeran)

How did printing by movable types influence history? (di kailangan answeran)

Human Anatomy is studied by

Vitruvius' _____ was published in 1486

Architectural Character of Renaissance
Renaissance employed _____ shows the departure from Gothic

FEATURES OF RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE

What are the periods of Renaissance?

• Period of learning
• Designers were intent on the accurate transcription of Roman elements

• Renaissance became an individual style in its own right
• Purist or Palladian, where Roman tradition was held in high respect (represented by Andrea Palladio)
• ______, where there was more confidence in using the acquired vocabulary freely
(represented by Michelangelo)
• Mannerist, where practices which had no Roman precedent were interspersed with the usual
buildings, or entire buildings were conceived in a non-Roman way
• Mannerists used architectural elements in a free, decorative and illogical way, unsanctioned by antique precedent

Purist or _____, where Roman tradition was held in high respect was represented by?

Proto-Baroque, where there was more confidence in using the acquired vocabulary freely was represented by?

where practices which had no Roman precedent were interspersed with the usual buildings, or entire buildings were conceived in a non-Roman way

used architectural elements in a free, decorative and illogical way, unsanctioned by antique precedent

• Architects worked with freedom and firmly-acquired knowledge
• The true nature of Renaissance as a distinctive style began to emerge
• _____ saw architecture, painting, sculpture and the minor arts being used in
harmony to produce the unified whole

• Style which is primarily French in origin
• Rock-like forms, fantastic scrolls, and crimped shells
• Profuse, often semi-abstract ornamentation
• Light in color and weight

this architecture was logical, staid and serene

this architecture was vivid, virile and intense

this architecture was dramatic, rich, grand and alive

this was a profusion and confusion of detail, presenting a lavish display of decoration

THE ARCHITECTS OF THE RENAISSANCE

One of the foremost architects and engineers of the Italian Renaissance.

Most famous for his discovery of perspective and for engineering the dome of the Florence Cathedral.

His principal surviving works are to be found in Florence, Italy.

The entire theory of perspective can be developed from a single fact:

The Cathedral Brunelleschi drew upon his knowledge of ancient Roman construction as well as lingering Gothic traditions to produce an innovative synthesis.

•Employed the Gothic pointed arch cross section instead of a semi circular one
•To reduce dead load, he created a double shell as was done in the Pantheon
•Employed 24 vertical ribs and 5 horizontal rings of sandstone, as observed in the ruins of Roman construction
•The cupola on top was a temple of masonry acting as a weight on top of the dome.
•Designed special machines for construction.

•Featured a continuous arcade
•At the hospital the arcading is three dimensional, creating a loggia with domed vaults in each bay.
•Use of Corinthian columns across its main facade and around an internal courtyard.
•The design was based in Roman architecture.

(1396-1472) Italian architect and sculptor.

The ______ is a Renaissance palace located in Florence.

_____ was a student of Brunelleschi

Palazzo Medici was influenced by____

Used the arcaded courtyard of the hospital.

•Rustication- stone blocks with deeply recessed chamfered joints
•Had three tiers of graduated textures, beginning with rock-faced stone at the street level and concluding with smooth ashlar at the third level below a 10-ft high cornice with modillions, egg and dart moldings and a dentil course.
•It was the first such cornice since ancient times.
•The building reflected Renaissance ideals of symmetry, the use of classical elements and careful use of mathematical proportions.

was an Italian author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher, cryptographer and general Renaissance humanist polymath.

Was a classical theorist who saw architecture as a way to address societal order.

defined the Renaissance architect as a universalist, an intellectual, a man of genius and a consort to those in positions of power and authority. He himself was a Renaissance man.

He worked in Rome after his studies in Florence where he had many opportunities to see the monuments of antiquities as well as meet the artists who were visiting them.

studied the writings of the classical world like Plato, Aristotle, Plutarch and Pliny the Elder.

He wrote Della Pittura (On Painting) where it included Brunelleschi's theories of perspective and De Re Aedificatoria (On Building), the first architectural treatise of the Renaissance.

What is the 1st architectural treatise of the Renaissance?

The book was influenced by Vitruvius' The Ten Books of Architecture.

was the first completed design for a church facade in the Renaissance. Alberti linked the lower aisle roof to the pedimented higher nave with flanking scrolls.

*Built for King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain

*The erection of a monument atop the spot where St Peter was believed to have been martyred.

*Bramante designed his building to embody both the Platonic preference for ideal form and Christian reverence for tradition, in this case reverence for the circular martyrium of the early church.

*The building is a 2-story cylinder capped by a hemispherical dome and surrounded by a one-story Doric colonnade with entablature and balustrade.

*The metope panels of the frieze displays symbols connecting the current authority of the Pope to the grandeur of antiquity.

Bramante's scheme represented a building on the scale of the Baths of Diocletian capped by a dome comparable to that of the Pantheon. Started in April 1506. By the time the church was completed in nearly 150 years later, almost every major architect of the 16th and 17th century had been engaged.

was an Italian architect, who introduced Renaissance architecture to Milan and the High Renaissance style to Rome, where his plan for St. Peter's Basilica formed the basis of the design executed by Michelangelo.

His Tempietto (San Pietro in Montorio) marked the beginning of the High Renaissance in Rome (1502) when Alexander VI appointed him to build a sanctuary that allegedly marked the spot where Peter was crucified.

is often considered as the first building of the Renaissance.

was an architect active in the Republic of Venice. _____, influenced by Roman and Greek architecture, primarily by Vitruvius, is widely considered the most influential individual in the history of Western architecture. All of his buildings are located in what was the Venetian Republic, but his teachings, summarized in the architectural treatise,

The Four Books of Architecture, gained him wide recognition.

produced a body of work in architecture that arguably has been the most written about in all of Western architecture.

He went on study trips to Rome and made accurate information on classical proportions, which he later used in his designs for buildings.

The Four Books of Architecture:

the most coherent system of proportions in the Renaissance.

Was his most famous residential design. It is square in plan with a central 2 story rotonda. The central domed space radiates out to the 4 porticoes and to the elegantly proportioned rooms in the corner. It is a powerful yet simple scheme, one that would be copied many times.

Was the first example of a temple front used extensively on a domestic building.

is a large villa at Maser in the Veneto region of northern Italy. It was designed and built by the Italian architect Andrea Palladio.

How did Palladio solve the Renaissance problem of placing a classical façade in front of a basilican cross section?

was one of the great Italian architects of 16th century Mannerism. His two great masterpieces are the Villa Farnese at Caprarola and the Jesuits' Church of the Gesù in Rome.

The villa is one of the finest examples of Renaissance architecture. Ornament is used sparingly to achieve proportion and harmony. Thus while the villa dominates the surroundings, its severe design also complements the site. This particular style, known today as Mannerism, was a reaction to the ornate earlier High Renaissance designs of twenty years carlier

This villa should not be confused with the Palazzo Farnese and the Villa Farnesina, both in Rome

was an Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. Despite making few forays beyond the arts, his versatility in the disciplines he took up was of such a high order that he is often considered a contender for the title of the archetypal Renaissance man, along with fellow Italian Leonardo da Vinci.

are two structures at the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence, Italy, dating from the 16th and 17th centuries, and built as extensions to Brunelleschi's 15th century church, with the purpose of celebrating the Medici family, patrons of the church and Grand Dukes of Tuscany.

The ______ was designed by Michelangelo.

a depiction of the body of Jesus on the lap of his mother Maryafter the Crucifixion, was carved in 1499, when the sculptor was 24 years old.

completed by Michelangelo in 1504, is one of the most renowned works of the Renaissance.

facade has a cornice and central window with coat of arms at the piano nobile level.

Unlike the Florentine interpretation of the type, The Palazzo Farnese has rustication only in the form of _____ and at the entry has classically inspired window surrounds.

____ style places emphasis on symmetry, proportion, geometry and the regularity of parts as they are demonstrated in the architecture of Classical antiquity and in particular, the architecture of Ancient Rome, of which many examples remained.

This style ppaces emphasis on orderly arrangements of columns, pilasters and lintels, as well as the use of semicircular arches, hemispherical domes, niches and aedicules replaced the more complex proportional systems and irregular profiles of medieval buildings.

Renaissance Architecture ____ are square, symmetrical appearance in which proportions are usually based on a module

symmetrical around their vertical axis, domestic buildings are often surmounted by a cornice

the Roman orders of columns are used: Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian
and Composite

semi circular

do not have ribs

the ____ is used frequently, both as a very large structural feature that is visible from the exterior

roofs are fitted with flat or coffered ceilings, frequently painted or
decorate

usually have square lintels, set within an arch or surmounted by a
triangular or segmental pediment, in the Mannerist period the
“Palladian” arch was employed

external ____ are generally of highly finished ashlar masonry, laid in
straight courses, the corners of buildings are often emphasized by rusticated quoins, basements and ground floors were often rusticated

courses, mouldings and all decorative details are carved with great
precision. Studying and mastering the details of the ancient

____ was one of the important aspects of Renaissance theory, mouldings stand out around doors and windows rather than being recessed, as in Gothic Architecture, sculptured figures may be set in niches or placed on plinths

A popular decorative treatment of the Renaissance palazzo was _____, in which a masonry wall is textured rather than smooth.

BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM OF RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE

Italian name for internal court surrounded by an arcade.

a treatment of façade without column.

a blue grey stone of fine quality.

a brown stone more suitable for exterior work.

a singer’s gallery or “choir’