Christianity Test 4

Who was the first emperor to impose persecution on the Christians simply because they were Christians?

What did that emperor accuse the Christians of doing?

Domitian's persecution was so wide because he wanted to be worshiped as a

The latest, widest, and cruelest persecution of Christians came in between 284-305, under this emperor's direction

Most scholars believe that the book of ______________ was written during the reign of Domitian

A ___________ is someone who dies for their faith, and literally translated means ___________.

An apologist is a theologian who writes a ___________ of Christianity.

Accusations of the behavior of Christians, as viewed by Romans:

One of the earliest apologists for the faith was _________ __________, who defends/explains why Christians believe what they believe and do what they do, drawing (in part) on Platonic philosophy

Which Christian group believed that in order for one to become a Christian one must first become a Jew—a view that was named a heresy?

The most prominent false teaching in the early church emphasized the gaining of "secret knowledge," and deemphasized the physical world in favor of one's soul, that sought to escape to the higher realms of the heavens and the true creator God. This is known as

Which group believed that Jesus was not a real human being because the flesh is completely evil? (This was a very popular temptation among Christians, and also declared a heresy)

Gnosis means

Which emperor converted to Christianity and required his military to put a sign on their shields prior to battle?

What was that sign?

After this conversion, the capital of the Roman empire was moved to Byzantium and renamed

The Edict of ___________, in 313, made Christianity a legal religion, making the persecution cease.

Be able to name a few changes that occurred in the church as a response to Imperial Support enacted after Constantine—and how the Christian theological imagination was affected and changed by this social shift.

What council was called in 325 that established Athanasius' position as official dogma, against Arianism?

What were two broad Christian responses to Imperial Support as named in class?

In response to Constantine and the Imperial Support some people were uneasy with the change, and went to the desert, forming

The term "monk" means a person who is

______________ means denying your body and what your body craves.

The earliest form of monasticism is called ____________ monasticism.

The second stage of monasticism was called _____________ monasticism.

True or false? Eusebius believed that Constantine was God's answer to prayer

Which city was known as the city of learning in the ancient world?

Arius believed that Jesus was ______________ meaning of different substance than the Father.

Alexander (and Athanasius) believed that Jesus, the Son, was homoousios, meaning _______________ as the Father.

In the year ___________ the council of Nicea was held involving over 300 bishops who met to debate the nature of the Son.

_____________ was the Roman emperor who presided over the Council of Nicea.

The ruling of the council of Nicea accepted the idea of __________ .

The bishop ______________ who replaced Alexander (and also gives us our first "canon" list as we have it today) was the great champion of Nicean Theology

______________ was the most important theologian of Western theology for the first 1000 years of Christianity, writing The City of God while Rome falls—his master-work, a multi-volume work which discusses how earthly empires will come and go but the city of God will last forever.

___________ was the Bishop of Milan who was the first Christian preacher who could catch Augustine's attention on an intellectual level.

True or false? Church membership increased as a result of the fall of Rome.

True or false? As a result of the fall of Rome the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic church became more formalized and structured.

True or False? After the fall of Rome, bishops were looked at for stability.

During the middle ages, western Christianity was called, "_________ _______"

The Western portion of the empires spoke ____________.

In the Western portion of the empire, theological issues tended to be more clearly __________

During the Middle Ages, Eastern Christianity was called, "_________________"

The Eastern portion of the empire spoke

True or false? In the East the emperor was very much involved in religious affairs

Between 500 and 1000 AD the most prominent bishops were from the cities of _____________ and ____________

Conflict between the Bishop of Rome and the Bishop of Constantinople caused an official schism between Eastern and Western Christianity in the year __________.

True or false? According to Muslims, Muhammed is considered divine

True or false? Christianity, Judaism, and Islam share a belief in one God.

True or false? Christianity, Judaism, and Islam share a belief in a collection of scriptures considered to be divinely inspired.

"Muslim" means

Muhammed was influenced by and attracted to the monotheist practices of Christianity, Judaism, and a Persian religion called

___________ is the practice of buying and selling church offices.

The _____________ reform was a response to the buying and selling of church offices.

______________ is the conviction that during the observance of mass, when the priest elevates the host, the elements of communion, literally become the body and blood of Christ

Innocent III began the ________________ out of great concern for the doctrinal integrity of the church.

The first crusade was issued by Pope ___________ in the year ________________.

If killed during a crusade, the crusader was assured by Urban II that:

True or false? The crusades made feelings better between Christians of the time and Muslims?

True or false? The crusades created a renewed interest in Christian piety.

Be able to discuss why the Roman Catholic Church called for crusades—the mixed motives that may be at play, and how we know that.

_______________ provided scholars in the Middle Ages with a rational way of understanding Christian theology.

___________ ___ __________ was the father of scholasticism

__________ combined Aristotle and Augustine, learning from Muslim scholars, to create a unique theological system still relevant today, especially among Catholic theologians

The term "renaissance" means, literally,

In the renaissance the invention of the _________ __________ _________ changed the world

Renaissance thinkers created a renewed interest in learning and reading the _________ language

____________ reformers were those who carried out their reform efforts with the aid of the secular rulers, through law

_____________reformers were those who carried out their reform efforts independently of governing authorities

The idea behind _________________ is that in heaven there is a treasury of merit which contains all of the "extra" merit from various saints which was accessible to the pope who could sell this merit

Be able to discuss the various motivations for the Protestant Reformation(s), especially as they emerge in different regions of Europe. Not just what happened, but why were these movements emerging in their time and place?

What is meant by "magisterial" reformation?

What is meant by "radical" reformation? (Name differences between them and magisterial folks).

What are some prominent Anabaptist convictions, different from their fellow Protestants?

_________________was an indulgence seller who played on the emotions of people to get them to buy indulgences for loved one who had passed away

On the date ___________________, Martin Luther wrote and nailed the _________________ to the door as a debate against the sale of indulgences on the date _______________

___________________was the famous meeting in which Martin Luther was required to recant his writings and theology to which he refused

One of Martin Luther's contributions was his translation of the New Testament into

____________________ wrote the Institutes of the Christian Religion. TULIP stands for what:

The original instigator of the Protestant Reformation in England was _____________, who wanted a divorce from his wife

Name some distinctives of the Anabaptists

The Catholic Counter Reformation was instituted and summarized in the meeting of the Council of _________ in the year _______.

Another counter-reform movement was the founding of the Society of Jesus (a.k.a. Jesuits), founded by _________________________. They are known for two things: ______________ and ______________

The _________ years war lasted from 1618-1648, and pitted Catholics and Protestants against one another

Discuss why these fights are probably not best thought of as "wars of religion."

Two distinctives of Protestant Reformation theology are Sola __________ and Sola __________.

The Catholic response in the century after the Protestant Reformation is known as the _________-Reformation.

The founder of the Methodist movement is named

In the 19th century in the United States, a huge renewal movement swept the nation, known as the _______________________________. It had two major implications: ________________

Name some distinctive beliefs associated with the seventeenth-century movement known as Deism

In the 19th century and into the 20th, there were twin, competing expressions of Christianity that shaped theological debate. One sought to adapt to modernity, known as _____________; the other sought to resist and reclaim the "old religion" in favor of certain central beliefs, known as ___________

Be able to discuss how the two groups in the above question share many assumptions about philosophy, how to read the Bible, and the way the world works.

Name the important Catholic Council of the 20th century that "opened up" the Church.

Name one feature of the social gospel movement

What is the difference between evangelicalism, pentecostalism, and fundamentalism?