1What are the main regions of the enzyme?
1. active site
2. scaffold/framework
2Describe the active site of an enzyme.
1.the region where the substrate moleucles bind and chemical reaction takes place.
2.composed of specific combo of amino acids that form a unique 3D shape that is complimentary ti substrate molecules
3Why is shape crucial for enzyme specificity.
it allows the enzyme to only bind to and catalyze reactions of specific substrate molecules
4Describe the framework region of enzymes.
1. provides sturctural support for the active site and helsp position substrate molecules.
2. often composed of alpha heloixes and beta sheets (help w/ structure)
5What factors affect the shape of enzymes?
pH, temperature, precences of inhibitors or activators
6What is the catalytic cycle.
1.refers to the sequence of chemical ractions occuring dueing catalysis.
2. where a catalyst is used to increase the rate of a chemical rxn without being consumed in the prodess.
7What is the series of steps in a catalyctic cycle?
1. enzyme has emopty active site.
2. substrate enters the site attaching by weak bonds. active site changes shape slightly and can hold substrate strongly. (called induced fit)
3.substrate reacts with water and hydrolysis rxn occurs
4. products of rxn are released and enzyme remains unchanged.
8What are Cofactors?
1. non-protein molecules that are required for an enzyme to function properly.
2. can be loosly or tightly bound to enzymes and can be essential for enzyme activity or enhance activity of enzymes.
9What are coenzymes?
1. organic moloeucles that are tightly bound to enzyme protien and generally required in small groups.
10What are apoenzymes?
the protien part of the enzyme
11What are haloenzymes?
an enzyme with the necessary associated cofacor or coenzyme and is active.