quiz in genchem

the arrangement of electrons on an atom is called?

refers not only to the number of e.ectrons that and atom possesses but also their distribution around the nucleus and to their energies

According to _____ ______, electrons are located at specific energy levels surrounding the nucleus. Each rung on the ladder represents an energy level. the Higher the energy level, the farther it is from the nucleus.

First model of the electron structure. Gives levels where an electron is most likely to be found. Incorrect today, but a key in understanding the atom

He agreed that electrons have a specific amount of energy. He believed that the distance between rungs on the ladder were not consistent they get closer together as you move higher up

the amount of energy needed to move from one energy level to another

The electrons move in regions of probability around the nucleus called

also called wave mechanics. It describes the arrangements and space occupied by electrons.

the three-dimensional regions in space where there is a high probability of finding an electronic around an atom.

Characteristics of Electrons (4, ELMH)

When atoms are heated, bright lines appear called...?

True or false: Electrons in atoms arranged in discrete levels

in the mathematical solution of the Scrodinger equation, three quantum numbers are obtained:

define the energy of the electron. size and energy of the orbital.

name of the shape s, p, d, and f?

shape of atomic orbitals (sometimes called a subshell)

orientation of the orbital in space relative to the other orbital in the atom.

refers to two different spin orientations of electrons in a specified orbital.

spin-up and spin-down?

True or False: Angular electron in the ground state is the most strongly held by the nucleus

orbitals with the same energy

shows how the electrons of an atom are distributed among the atomic orbitals.

shows the spin of the electrons.

is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals

for many-electrons atoms, this is used.

True of false: each arrangement in Hund's rule, provides a different energy value. The one with the lowest energy has the greatest stability.

Is the guide in determining the most stable distribution.

2 magnetic properties

Are those that contain unpaired electrons or spins and are attracted by a magnet

are those with paired spins and are repelled by a magnet.

According to him, atoms combine in order to achieve a more stable electron configuration.

True or false: this maximum stability is attained when an atom is isoelectronic with a noble gas.

This rule states that when atoms of elements combine to form compounds, they tend to lose, gain, or share electrons to achieve the same electron arrangement as the noble gas nearest them in the periodic table.

In combining with other atoms, only outer electrons, the valence electrons are involved. to keep track of these valence electrons, the _____ ___ ______ is used.

consists of the symbol of an element and one dot for each valence electron in an atom of the element.

Covalent bond is also called as ?

is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

non-metal to non-metal elements

A property that distinguish the polarity of bonds is ____________ , the tendency of an atom in a chemical bond to attract electrons toward itself.

is a theoretical concept and devised as a relative scale.

is one of two or more Lewis structure for a molecule that cannot be represented accurately by only one Lewis structure.

happens when the same atoms with the same electronegativity share electrons to form a covalent molecule. the shared electrons stay at the middle of the covalent bond.

Happens when two different atoms with different electronegativity share electrons to form a covalent molecule. the shared electrons in the covalent bond stay nearer the atom with higher electronegativity.

Are different compounds that have the same chemical formula.

When two or more organic compounds have the same molecular formula but different properties due to their difference in arrangement of atoms along the carbon, they are called ???

There are six forms of structural isomerism, and the most common are ____, _______, and ________ isomerism.

Are organic compounds with the same formula, but the arrangements of their carbon skeleton are different.

Occurs when the same functional groups are attached to different positions on a carbon chain.

Occurs if different compounds are formed due to the different arrangements of their atoms leading to different functional groups.

Pertains to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

Affects the physical and chemical properties of molecules and their reactivity towards other molecule.

Valence shell electron pairs are the ones involved in bonding. They assume a Geometry or orientation that will minimize the repulsion. This is the stable orientation and the one with lowest energy. This approach in predicting molecular Geometry if called the ???

True or False: When two nonmetal atoms bond, they always share electrons evenly.

Is the unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms.

Is an equal sharing of electrons between two atoms.

It is a measure of the polarity of a bond. It is often represented by a special arrow.

Molecules made of only two atoms. It atoms are the same, molecule is nonvolatile. It atoms are diff., molecule is polar.

True or False: A molecule with 3 or more atom is nonpolar if its central atom has lone pairs OR if the outer atoms are not all the same.

True or False: Polar molecules mix with each other.

Are carbon containing compounds that do not only pertain to hydrocarbons but also compounds with any number of other elements, including hydrogen, etc.

Is a compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms and is considered as one of the major groups of organic compounds.

Hydrocarbons are divided into two main classes:

Class of hydrocarbon that do not contain a benzene ring.

Class of hydrocarbon that contaim a benzene ring.

Are Alipathic, saturated hydrocarbons and has only single carbon-carbon bonds in the molecule.

Saturated hydrocarbons that forms a single ring are called ??

Are also called as olefins. These are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond.

Contains at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, hence unsaturated.

Contains the R-O-R linkage, where R and R are hydrocarbon. They are slightly polar and slightly soluble in water, but they are extremely flammable.

Is the functional group of aldehydes and ketones.

The functional group in carboxylic acids is the ???

It has the general formula R'-COOR, where R' can be a hydrocarbon group or hydrogen and R is a hydrocarbon group.

Are organic bases having the general formula R3N, where R may be Hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group.

When a substance reacts with oxygen gas, releasing energy in the form of light and heat, this reaction occurs. Must involve O2 or oxygen gas AZ one Reactant. Most notable combination Reactions comes from organic fuels.

Multiple bonds, such as double or a triple bind, can be converted into other functional groups using ???

This takes place in when two or more molecules combine to form a larger and new molecule, with the simultaneously loss of a small molecule such as water and a formation of a new bond.

Takes place when a fat, oil or lipid is cleaved and converted into soap and alcohol by the action of heat and with the presence of water and a base.