1What constitutional amendment lowered the voting age from 21 to 18?
26th Amendment
2What was the significance of the 26th Amendment?
It expanded political equality by allowing 18-year-olds to vote, especially during the Vietnam War draft.
3What were the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, known as?
9/11
4What was the significance of 9/11?
It led to the War on Terror, the Patriot Act, and major national security changes.
5What Native American activist group fought for Indigenous rights and sovereignty?
American Indian Movement
6What was the significance of the American Indian Movement?
It challenged broken treaties, discrimination, and federal treatment of Native peoples.
7What was the failed U.S.-backed invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles called?
Bay of Pigs
8What was the significance of the Bay of Pigs invasion?
It embarrassed President Kennedy and increased Cold War tensions.
9What wall separated communist East Berlin from democratic West Berlin?
Berlin Wall
10What was the significance of the Berlin Wall?
It became a symbol of Cold War division between communism and democracy.
11Who wrote The Feminine Mystique?
Betty Friedan
12What was Betty Friedan's significance?
She inspired second-wave feminism by criticizing limited roles for women.
13What belief emphasized Black pride and self-determination?
Black Nationalism
14What was the significance of Black Nationalism?
It influenced Malcolm X, Black Power, and later civil rights activism.
15What organization supported self-defense and community programs for African Americans?
Black Panther Party
16What was the significance of the Black Panther Party?
It represented a more militant response to racism and police brutality.
17What structures were built to protect people from nuclear attacks?
Bomb Shelters
18What was the significance of bomb shelters?
They reflected Cold War fears of nuclear war.
19What Supreme Court case ruled school segregation unconstitutional?
Brown v. Board of Education
20What was the significance of Brown v. Board of Education?
It was a major civil rights victory that challenged "separate but equal."
21What law banned segregation and discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin?
Civil Rights Act of 1964
22What was the significance of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
It was one of the greatest legal victories of the Civil Rights Movement.
23What crisis occurred when Soviet nuclear missiles were placed in Cuba?
Cuban Missile Crisis
24What was the significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis?
It brought the U.S. and Soviet Union closest to nuclear war.
25What is the decline of manufacturing jobs and factories called?
Deindustrialization
26What was the significance of deindustrialization?
It harmed working-class communities and contributed to urban economic struggles.
27What is the reduction of government rules on businesses called?
Deregulation
28What was the significance of deregulation?
It became a major conservative economic policy, especially under Reagan.
29What term describes the easing of tensions between the U.S. and Soviet Union?
Detente
30What was the significance of détente?
It encouraged diplomacy and arms-control agreements such as SALT.
31Who helped organize farmworkers and fought for better wages and conditions?
Dolores Huerta
32What was Dolores Huerta's significance?
She advocated for Mexican American farmworkers' rights.
33What is a person who avoided military conscription called?
Draft Dodger
34What was the significance of draft dodgers?
They reflected opposition to the Vietnam War and criticism of the draft system.
35What environmental awareness event began in 1970?
Earth Day
36What was the significance of Earth Day?
It demonstrated the growth of the environmental movement.
37What proposed amendment sought equal rights regardless of sex?
Equal Rights Amendment
38What was the significance of the Equal Rights Amendment?
It highlighted the goals of second-wave feminism, though it was never ratified.
39What phrase did Ronald Reagan use to describe the Soviet Union?
Evil Empire
40What was the significance of the phrase "Evil Empire"?
It reflected Reagan's strong anti-communist stance.
41What was Lyndon B. Johnson's domestic reform program called?
Great Society
42What was the significance of the Great Society?
It expanded programs for civil rights, healthcare, education, and poverty reduction.
43What 1960 protests challenged segregated lunch counters?
Greensboro Sit-Ins
44What was the significance of the Greensboro Sit-Ins?
They inspired student activism and helped lead to SNCC.
45What resolution gave President Johnson broad authority in Vietnam?
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
46What was the significance of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?
It greatly expanded U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.
47What committee investigated suspected communists during the Cold War?
HUAC
48What was the significance of HUAC?
It reflected Cold War fears and fueled the Second Red Scare.
49What 1956 law created the interstate highway system?
Interstate Highway Act
50What was the significance of the Interstate Highway Act?
It encouraged suburban growth, car culture, and defense planning.
51Who became the symbol of anti-communist accusations during the Second Red Scare?
Joseph McCarthy
52What was Joseph McCarthy's significance?
He promoted fear of communism through often unsupported accusations.
53What 1970 event involved National Guard troops killing four student protesters?
Kent State
54It showed deep national divisions over the Vietnam War.
What was the significance of Kent State?
55What war involved communist North Korea and noncommunist South Korea?
Korean War
56What was the significance of the Korean War?
It demonstrated the U.S. policy of containment in Asia.
57What Cold War-era purge targeted LGBTQ+ government employees?
Lavender Scare
58What was the significance of the Lavender Scare?
It showed how Cold War fears targeted groups beyond suspected communists.
59Who promoted Black pride, self-defense, and Black Nationalism?
Malcolm X
60What was Malcolm X's significance?
He offered a more militant challenge to racism than nonviolent leaders.
61What U.S. program provided aid to rebuild Western Europe after World War II?
Marshall Plan
62What was the significance of the Marshall Plan?
It helped contain communism by strengthening democratic capitalist nations.
63Who led civil rights efforts through nonviolent protest?
Martin Luther King, Jr.
64What was Martin Luther King Jr.'s significance?
He helped achieve major civil rights victories, including key legislation.
65What term describes Southern opposition to school desegregation?
Massive Resistance
66What was the significance of Massive Resistance?
It showed that segregation continued despite legal victories.
67What conservative Christian political organization was led by Jerry Falwell?
Moral Majority
68What was the significance of the Moral Majority?
It connected religious conservatives to the New Right and Reagan-era politics.
69What U.S. agency led the American effort in the Space Race?
NASA
70What was the significance of NASA?
It advanced U.S. space exploration during the Cold War.
71What conservative political movement grew during the 1970s and 1980s?
New Right
72What was the significance of the New Right?
It promoted lower taxes, deregulation, traditional values, and anti-communism.
73What agreement ended direct U.S. military involvement in Vietnam?
Paris Peace Accords
74What was the significance of the Paris Peace Accords?
They marked the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Vietnam.
75What law expanded government surveillance powers after 9/11?
Patriot Act
76What was the significance of the Patriot Act?
It sparked debates over security and civil liberties.
77What leaked documents revealed government deception about Vietnam?
Pentagon Papers
78What was the significance of the Pentagon Papers?
They increased public distrust in government.
79What talks aimed to limit nuclear weapons between the U.S. and Soviet Union?
SALT
80What was the significance of SALT?
It demonstrated détente and reduced nuclear tensions.
81What 1965 voting rights campaign took place in Alabama?
Selma
82What was the significance of Selma?
It helped lead to the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
83What does SNCC stand for?
SNCC
84What was the significance of SNCC?
It organized sit-ins, Freedom Rides, and voter registration campaigns.
85What economic condition combines high inflation and high unemployment?
Stagflation
86What was the significance of stagflation?
It weakened confidence in government economic policies during the 1970s.
87What site was the location of a 1969 LGBTQ+ uprising?
Stonewall Inn
88What was the significance of the Stonewall Inn?
It helped launch the modern gay rights movement.
89What are residential communities located outside cities called?
Suburbs
90What was the significance of suburbs?
They reflected postwar prosperity, car culture, and often white flight.
91What economic theory argues that tax cuts and deregulation stimulate growth?
Supply-Side Economics
92What was the significance of supply-side economics?
It became a central part of Reagan's economic policy.
93What major North Vietnamese attack occurred in 1968?
Tet Offensive
94What was the significance of the Tet Offensive?
It reduced American support for the Vietnam War.
95Who were accused of spying for the Soviet Union and executed?
The Rosenbergs
96What was the significance of the Rosenbergs case?
It reflected Cold War fears of communist espionage.
97What law banned sex discrimination in federally funded education programs?
Title IX
98What was the significance of Title IX?
It expanded opportunities for women, especially in athletics.
99What policy pledged U.S. support to countries resisting communism?
Truman Doctrine
100What was the significance of the Truman Doctrine?
It established containment as a key Cold War strategy.
101What Cold War conflict involved U.S. efforts to stop communism in Southeast Asia?
Vietnam
102What was the significance of the Vietnam War?
It divided Americans and weakened trust in government.
103What policy shifted responsibility for the Vietnam War to South Vietnam?
Vietnamization
104What was the significance of Vietnamization?
It aimed to end direct U.S. involvement without admitting defeat.
105What law banned discriminatory voting practices such as literacy tests?
Voting Rights Act of 1965
106What was the significance of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
It greatly expanded Black voter participation in the South.
107What Great Society program focused on reducing poverty?
War on Poverty
108What was the significance of the War on Poverty?
It expanded federal assistance programs for poor Americans.
109What 1973 conflict involved Israel and Arab states?
Yom Kippur War
110What was the significance of the Yom Kippur War?
It contributed to the oil crisis and economic problems like stagflation.