1Advantage of a constant-speed propeller
It will maintain an efficient angle of attack at all airspeeds.
2What will a propeller do on a multi-engine airplane if you lose all oil pressure
It will automatically go to feathering using nitrogen pressure, springs, or counterweights.
3Why doesn't the propeller feather during a normal shutdown after your flight
Locking devices or centrifugal latches that prevent feathering below 800-1000 RPM (600 RPM).
4How are the electric fuel boost pumps used
To prime, the engine for starting, Provide fuel if engine driven fuel pump fails, and Prevent or purge fuel vapor (High ambient temp or high altitudes, Hot engine start).
5What is used to drive the turbocharger turbine, which compresses the induction air
Exhaust gases are controlled by the wastegate.
6What is meant by turbocharger "critical altitude"
Highest altitude turbocharger that can enable the engine to maintain rated power.
7Why are over-voltage relays incorporated into the electrical system
To protect the electrical equipment from voltage spikes from the generator/alternator.
8What prevents the gear from retracting while on the ground if the pilot inadvertently raises the gear switch
Safety, or squat, switches on the landing gear.
9What is usually used to trigger the gear-up warning horn/lights to help prevent accidental gear-up landings
Throttle micro-switches for low power and Full flap activation.
10What 3 systems are used to protect the wing and tail leading edges from the ice
Pneumatic boots to break away the ice, De-ice fluid (TKS weeping wing), and Bleed-air heat (usually used on jets).
11What is the definition of "max ramp weight"
Max weight for ground ops.
12What is the idea of the "max zero fuel weight" limitation
Max weight of the airplane, not counting fuel. Structural limitation of wing attachment to the fuselage. All additional weight must be fuel.
13Define basic empty weight
Includes standard airplane, Optional equipment, Unusable equipment, Unusable fuel, Full operating fluid, including full oil.
14Define licensed empty weight
Same as basic empty weight, except does not include full oil.
15What effects does Forward CG have
Higher stall speed, Slower cruise, More stable, and Lower Vmc.
16What effects does rearward CG have
Lower stall speed, Faster cruise, Less stable, and Higher Vmc.
17Center of gravity is
weight moved/weight of aircraft = distance cg moves/distance between arms
18What enables an airplane to climb
Power in excess of that is required to maintain level flight at a specific airspeed.
19How much performance is lost when you lose one engine (50% of your available power)
Approximately 80-90%.
20Define accelerate-stop distance
Distance to accelerate to a specific airspeed, have an engine failure and come to a complete stop.
21Define accelerate-go distance
Distance to accelerate to a specific airspeed, have an engine failure, and then climb 50 ft.
22Does Vy and Vyse increase or decrease with increasing density altitude
They both decrease with increasing D.A.
23Does Vx and Vxse increase or decrease with increasing density altitude
They both increase with increasing D.A.
24Define multiengine service ceiling
Max density altitude you can climb at 100 fpm at Vy, with both engines operating.
25Define single engine service ceiling
Max density altitude you can climb at 50 fpm at Vyse with one engine feathered.
26How will the landing distance be affected when landing with an engine feathered
Landing distance will be increased because the feather engine produces less drag during flare and landing roll than for a normal landing with both engines windmilling.
27How do you avoid a single-engine go around
An airport with Good approaches, Good weather, and Long and wide runways. No extra airspeed and No higher than normal glide slope.
28How does density altitude affect performance
Engine output (2.5% per 1,000' DA.), Lift generated by wings, and Propeller efficiency.
29What are the implications of wing-mounted engines versus center-line-mounted engines
The induced airflow over the wings from prop wash provides substantial lift, Rapid power reduction while landing loses lift abruptly and might result in a hard landing.
30Four factors that cause left turning tendency
P-Factor, Accelerated slip-stream, Spiraling Slip-Stream, and Torque. Eliminated by counter-rotating engines.
31Which way does an airplane yaw when an engine fails
Tower dead engine because of asymmetric thrust from the good engine and the asymmetric drag from the failed engine.
32Which way does an airplane roll when an engine fails
Towards the dead engine because of the asymmetric lift from the loss of induced airflow over the wing behind the failed engine.
33Define critical engine
The engine whose failure most adversely affects the performance or handling characteristics of the airplane. Most significant when operating at low speeds with a high power setting.
34Four factors that cause an engine to be the critical engine
P.A.S.T
35Which engine is usually the critical engine on American-built airplanes
The left engine for wing-mounted engines (Eliminated with counter-rotating engines). The rear engine on center-line thrust airplanes.
36Define Vmc
Minimum speed at which the airplane can maintain directional control with the critical engine inop/windmiling.
37Does Vmc guarantee the ability to climb on one engine
No, only the ability to maintain directional control.
38How do you identify Vmc on the airspeed indicator
Lower red line (red radial)
39How is Vmc affected by D.A
Vmc decreases with increasing DA since the good engine produces less power at higher DA, which reduces asymmetric power reducing total asymmetry which reduces need for rudder.
40What are some of the FAA requirements for airplane design capability regarding Vmc
Must be able to maintainegain directional control within +-20* heading, Must not need more than 150 lb of force on the rudder, and Vmc must not exceed 1.2 Vs1.
41Parameters used by manufacturers to determine published Vmc
FROGS WALC BC. Flaps: take off position, Rudder trim: take off position, Operating Engine: max continuous power, Ground effect: out of, Sea level: Density Altitude, Weight: max take off, Aft CG: maximum, Landing gear: Up, Cowl Flaps: take-off position.
42What angle of bank produces zero side slip while operating with an engine feathered
Varies amongs airplanes, but generally between 2-3 degrees towards operating engine. Reduces drag by eliminating slip - Maximizes performance while maintaining adequate control with proper airspeeds. Embry-riddle study found 2.7* bank for BE58
43Define Vyse
Best rate of climb single engine airspeed. Used for best drift-down airspeed when above single-engine ceiling
44Define Vxse
Best angle of climb single engine airspeed for obstacle clearance (after takeoff usually).
45Define Vsse
Minimum airspeed for an intentional engine cut by flight instructor.
46What produces the most drag which reduces single-engine performance
Windmilling propeller, Full flaps, Extended landing gear, and Control deflections (rudder/ailerons). Clean up according to manufacturers' recommendations.
47What is the most critical phase of multiengine flight
Takeoff, because...Heaviest weight, Low airspeed (possibly below Vyse), and High power (max asymmetry if engine fails).
48Except to avoid obstacles, what bank angle should be used to turn while operating on one engine
15* bank increases drag by 7%. 30* bank increased drag by 33%. Avoid turns until reaching a safe altitude