Representation

Medium of context a text uses

Type of text (eg. speech)

Non-permanent
Spontaneous
Can rely on body language
Prosodic variation (sounds)
Informal
Simple grammar
Social contexts

Permanent
Can be planned/edited
Doesn't rely on context
Prosodic variation (punctuation)
Formal
Grammatically complex
Fact and communication

Linguistic scale

How does the writer want the audience to feelealise/concludeeact

True
They often have more than 1

*G*enre
*R*egister
*A*udience
*S*ubject
*P*urpose

*I*nteractivity
*T*ime period

Person/people responsible for creating a text

Person/people who a text is supposed to be produced by to the casual observer

Text receiver fully accepts text in the way the text producer intended (eg. private postcard)

Text receiver acknowledges and understand dominant-hegemonic reading, but decodes text in a way that is different to text producer's intentions (eg. an advert for something the text receiver doesn't need)

Text receiver understands intended meaning of text but rejects it (eg. an argument between politicians)
Put the following in order from smallest to largest:
Morpheme
Phrase
Text
Clause
Phoneme
Sentence

Phoneme
Morpheme
Word
Phrase
Clause
Sentence
Text

Phonetics
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Semantics
Pragmatics

How speech sounds and its effects

Patterns and shapes at word level

Structural patterns and shapes at sentence, phrase and clause level

Vocab, including social and historical variation and its meanings

Context (GRASP IT)

Individual sound

Units of sound

Sound system

Articulated with complete/ partial closure of vocal tract
Define by: manner and place of articulation, and voicing

Produced with open tract (louder)

Accent traditionally associated with high social status

Manipulating sounds of a text to create meanings and representations

Pronoun
Concrete
Abstract
Proper
Countable
Uncountable
Compound
Collective

2 nouns joined together to form 1 (eg. rainfall)

Dreams, hopes, wishes

Milk, information, intelligence

Replaces a noun

Primary auxiliary
Modal auxiliary
Dynamic
Static
Transitive
Intransitive
Linking

Denotes tense changes
*do, be, have*

Never appears without another verb
Used to express a degree of certainty
*Will, would, shall, can, could, should, may, might, must*

An action you can see
She *buys* new clothes every week
He goes *swimming*

Actions/ states you can't see
She *prefers* jam
The cupboard *requires* a new coat of paint

It's the final verb in a verb string

False
Lexical and grammatical verbs can be main verbs
Josh *climbed* the tree
Josh *is* tall

Connects words, phrases and clauses
Each clause is of equal value
(FANBOYS)

Provides a necessary transition between 2 ideas
Reduces importance of one clause (the one *with* the conjunction)

After
When
Rather than
Unless until
Wherever
Why

Subject
Object
Possessive adjective
Possessive pronoun
Reflexive
Relative

Personal pronouns
Act as subject of verbs
*She, we, I*

Act as the objects of verbs and prepostions
*Her, us, me*

Pronouns functioning as pre-modifying adjectives
Denotes possession of noun
Not plural (no s)
*My, her, their*
*That is our pen*

Refer to something owned by speaker or by someone/something previously mentioned
*Mine, hers, ours*
*That is ours*

Refer back to subject of clause
*Myself, herself, themselves*

Connect a clause/ phrase to a noun or pronoun
*Who, whom, which, whoever, whomever, whichever and that*

Gives info about the noun

Definite article
Indefinite article
Quantifier
Demonstrative
Possessives

Gives an amount
*all, some, most*

Idea of location/ specificity (like someone is pointing)
*this, that, those*

Sense of belonging
*my, our*

Grammatical

Shows relationship between nouns, pronouns and other words

Simple and compound

In addition to
Because of

Variety of language associated with a particular situation of use
Determined by context, discourse and genetic conventions (see other Quizlet on Register)

All words have same semantic meaning

Words grouped in a pattern so you *can* have function words (eg. patterns of intensifiers)

SVO
Subject
Verb
Object
(eg. the girl ran to the shops)

2 or more clauses joined by a *coordinating conjunction*
FAN BOYS

2 or more clauses (1 = main and other is subordinate)
Main clause is independent
Subordinate clause is dependent

Compound sentence + complex sentence

He kicked the ball and scored a goal, even though he was tired.

Starts with a relative pronoun (eg. which/who/that)
A type of subordinate clause

Word/phrase that controls verb

Part of sentence *containing main verb* which states something about the subject
Identify the predicate:

Her hat *is a creation that will never go out of style*; it *will just look ridiculous year after year.*