Y8 Biology Combined topics (All inclusive)

-Structure
-Protection
-Movement
-Making of Blood cells

-Ball and socket
-hinge
-Gliding
-Swivel

A fluid that prevent the bones to wear away and reduces fiction.

-Hard slippery surface on the bone to prevent it wearing away.

Unelastic tissue that connects muscle to bone

Tough

immue system attacks synovial membrane

lines the joint and keeps synovial fluid in.

moveable joint

Wearing away of cartliage

-Under voluntary control
-Anchored by tendons

-Automatic
-Making the body work properly

heart muscle

away from heart

to the heart

Tiny blood vessels that does the transferring work

Liquid part of the blood which takes everything with it.

carries oxygen

-Carbohydrates
-Proteins
-Fats
-Vitamins
-Fibre
-Water
-Minerals

-For energy
-made of long chain of sugar Identical molecules

-Growth and repair
-made of long chains of unidentical amino acids

-Store energy
-made of molecules of fatty acids and glycerol.
-cell membrane material

Benedict's test
-green/yellowrick-red

Iodine test
-bluelack

Biuret test
-purple (darker means more)

back-bone and endo-skeleton

chemicals/enzyme to digest

muscles to digest

tearing and ripping

Bite off and chew food

crush and grind food

hard outer layer of the crown (tooth)

weaker layer covered by enamel

soft

thin layer of bacteria covers teeth

alikali

a paste or gel used to keep teeth clean

Muscle contracts to push food

giant bag of muscle containing HCl and Pepsin
-HCl kills bacteria

Enzyme used to break down starch

Enzyme used to break down proteins

Enzyme used to break down fats

Produces pancreatic juices

Contain enzymes (Carbohydrase

Produced in liver

Where nutrients are absorbed(very long

Villi are adapted to absorption:
1-Large surface area
2-Good blood supply
3-Thin walls
4-Lots of mitochondria

Absorbing nutrients against concertration gradient

excreting undigested food

A place where an organism lives

A feature that helps an animal surive in its habitat

Factors that other organisms produce

Factors that is not produced by other organisms

-Well camouflaged
-Insulation
-Strong sense of smell
-Large

-Thick fur (for cold nights)
-Big feet
-Efficient kidneys
-Fat (for energy)

Plants that are adapted to hot desert conditions

-Swollen stem
-Large root system
-Less leavesolled-up leaves