Essential Court Cases

Situation: Jefferson(new president) didnt want to pay the Judges appointed by the last president b/c he was salty and petty. did this through a writ of mandamus (a command for a lower public official). Marbury sued
Opinion: marbury can sue, but SCOTUS cant force delivery of the commision b/c the consitution doesnt want them too.
US Constitution: US Constitution

Situation: a national bank was created. marylad didnt like that though b/c the national bank was taking business away from the maryland banks. so Maryland charted a tax on the national bank. the bank refused to pay.
Opinion: by taxing a national bank, the federal goverment is therefore being taxed, and it is unontitutinal to fo so as the federal goverment is supreme.
US Contitution: The elastic clause (article 1), the 10th amendment (reserved powers), and the supremacy clause (article 6).

S: the Espionage Act was passed. Shneck made + distibuted fliers protesting the draft.
O: Schnek can't do this as it interferes with national saftey. the espionage act does not violate his first amendment rights
US: the first amendment

S: the 14th amendment establishes that segregation is OK as long as the seperation is equal. but Brown had to go much farther to go to school than a white girl in the same area
O: "seperate educational facililities are inherently unequal"
US: 14th amendment

S: a school in NY was having mandatory "non denominational" prayer at the beginning of every day. parents sued
O: as long as the prayer is on school grounds, a place where students are required to be, prayer sponsored by the school is unconstitutional.
US: 1st amendment

S: a guy was arrested for burglury. he was denied representation and lost his case. he read abunch of law books and applealed to SCOTUS
O: the right to councl is fundamental and the law in flordia was limiting Gideons rights.
US: 6th amendment, 14th amendment.

S: two students wore black armsbands to school in protest of the Vietman war. they got expelled form school. their father sued
O: students dont shed their right sat the schoolhouse gate. students may protest as long as there isint "material and substantial distruption"
US: 1st amendment

S: the NYT printed the "Pentagon Papers". Nixon enacted prior retraint. when NYT continued printing, the goverment sued.
O: because there wesant immentnt threat to the security of the us, the gov. abridged the rights of the NYT. the gov can punish the leakers, but couldnt prevent the publication of information without threat to national ssecurity.
US: the 1st aendment, article II

S: in wisconson, school is required until 16 yrs old, but the amish dont want thir kids in school after 14. wisconson sued, and appealed to SCOTUS.
O: the court sided with Yoder, that those two years of school werent iportant enought to abridge the rights of the parents. one judge argued too that the opinions of the kids should be included as the rights of the parents over their kids were the only ones reveiwed.
US: 1st amendment, 14th amendment

S: a pregent woman wanted to terminate her pregneny, TX prevented her though because their wasnt medical need to do so. she sued
O: the supreme court ruled in her favor that she has the right to privacy and tht abortion is an enumerated right
US: the 4th amendment, the 9th amendment, and the 14th amendment

S: the gun free schools act was ratified in texas. Lopez brought a gun to school, and he got convicted.
O: the support for the gun free schools act was a large stretch of the commerce clause. but SCOTUS determined that expanding the commerse clause that was would make congress essentially all powerful.
US: the commerse clause (article 1), the elastic clause (article 1), the 10th amendment, and sort of the 2nd amendment

S: Chicago made it essentially illigal to own a firearm. McDonald sued for his 2nd amenment rights
O: SCOTUS agreed that the law was unconstitutional
US: 14th amend, 2nd amend,

S: Shaw sued because the new map for NC was highly gerrymandered to reduce the effectivness of black votes.
O: SCOTUS ruled that the drawing was abnormal and prefered white voters, and was therfore unconstitutional.
US: amendment 14, amendment 15

S: CU made a movie ment to sway people to not vote for Hillary Clinton. the FCC shut it down and CU sued
O: SCOTUS determined that money was a form of speech and therfore cant really be limited unless direct political sway is proven.
US: 1st amend,

S: the same districts had been used for too long, a constituent sued becuse he wasnt be represented fairly anymore.
O: the court determined that they do have the ability to enforce equal protection of treatment.
US: the 14th amendment, and article III

S: Miranda was convicted of bad crimes and signed that he was guilty after interrogation. the court foud him guilty and he did not request councel.
O: the court found that officers must communicate a suspect their rights apon arrest.
US: the 5th amendment and the 14th amendment

S: officers found porn in Mapps house. they didnt have a permit and were searching for something diffrent than what they found. she was sentinced but appealed b/c the officers didnt actually have a warrent.
O: SCOTUS deterined that any evidence found in violation of the 4th amendment is a invalid in court
US: 4th amend and 14th amend