Anthro 3AC Final exam study terms

MARX & ENGELS

Definition: The class of workers who do not own the means of production and must sell their labor in order to survive.

MC framing: "Which class must sell its labor power under capitalism?"

MARX & ENGELS

Definition: The ongoing conflict between social classes with opposing economic interests that drives historical change.

MC framing: "What is the main motor of history in Marx's theory?"

MARX & ENGELS

Definition: The social relationships people enter into in producing goods, including ownership, control, and labor relations.

MC framing: "Which concept explains how people are positioned within an economic system?"

MARX & ENGELS

Definition: An economic system based on private ownership of production, wage labor, and profit through market exchange.

MC framing: "Which system depends on wage labor and private ownership of production?"

MARX & ENGELS

Definition: A method for understanding social change as arising from contradictions between opposing forces.

MC framing: "Which method explains change through contradiction and conflict?"

MARX & ENGELS

Definition: The economic foundation of society, including the mode and relations of production.

MC framing: "Which level of society includes economic organization?"

MARX & ENGELS

Definition: The political, legal, and cultural institutions shaped by the economic base.

MC framing: "Which concept includes law, religion, and political institutions?"

MARX & ENGELS

Definition: The value created by workers beyond what they are paid, which is appropriated by capitalists as profit.

MC framing: "According to Marx, where does profit come from?"

MAX WEBER

Definition: A religious orientation emphasizing discipline, hard work, and worldly asceticism.

MC framing: "Which ethic links religious behavior to economic conduct?"

MAX WEBER

Definition: The increasing organization of social life through calculation, efficiency, rules, and predictability.

MC framing: "Which process makes social action more standardized and predictable?"

MAX WEBER

Definition: Authority based on custom and long-standing practices.

MC framing: "Which type of authority relies on tradition and custom?"

MAX WEBER

Definition: Authority based on formal rules, laws, and institutional roles.

MC framing: "Which authority depends on offices, rules, and procedures?"

MAX WEBER

Definition: Authority based on the perceived extraordinary qualities of a leader.

MC framing: "Which authority rests on personal devotion to a leader?"

MAX WEBER

Definition: Weber's argument that Protestant asceticism helped shape capitalist economic behavior.

MC framing: "Which theory links religious values to the rise of capitalism?"

W. E. B. DU BOIS

Definition: The experience of seeing oneself both through one's own perspective and through the eyes of a racially dominant society.

MC framing: "Which concept describes divided self-awareness under racism?"

W. E. B. DU BOIS

Definition: A metaphor for the racial separation that structures perception and social life in the United States.

MC framing: "Which metaphor describes racial separation in Du Bois's work?"

ROBERT REDFIELD

Definition: Small-scale societies organized around custom, kinship, and tradition.

MC framing: "Which type of society is governed primarily by custom?"

ROBERT REDFIELD

Definition: Communities structured by family, tradition, and local custom.

MC framing: "Which social form emphasizes kinship and tradition?"

ROBERT REDFIELD

Definition: Communities structured by institutions, science, bureaucracy, and formal roles.
MC framing: "Which social form emphasizes institutions and expertise?"

ROBERT REDFIELD

Definition: Social organization centered on kinship and family authority.

MC framing: "Which form of organization prioritizes family over individual roles?"

ROBERT REDFIELD

Definition: Social organization centered on individual roles, achievement, and mobility.

MC framing: "Which form of organization emphasizes individual achievement?"

MODERNIZATION & WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORIES

Definition: The idea that societies develop through universal stages from traditional to modern.

MC framing: "Which theory assumes a linear path of development for all societies?"

MODERNIZATION & WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORIES

Definition: A model describing economic development as a sequence of stages culminating in high mass consumption.

MC framing: "Which model includes a stage called 'takeoff'?"

MODERNIZATION & WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORIES

Definition: The theory that global inequality results from exploitative economic relationships between nations.

MC framing: "Which theory explains underdevelopment through global inequality?"

MODERNIZATION & WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORIES

Definition: A theory that views the global economy as a single system structured by unequal relations.

MC framing: "Which theory emphasizes the global economic system?"

MODERNIZATION & WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORIES

Definition: The relationship between industrialized regions that extract value and regions that supply raw materials and labor.

MC framing: "Which concept explains unequal global economic relations?"

PAUL FARMER

Definition: Harm caused by social, political, and economic structures that limit access to basic needs.

MC framing: "Which form of violence is indirect and systemic?"

MARCEL MAUSS

Definition: Culturally learned ways of using the body, such as walking, eating, or sleeping.

MC framing: "Which concept shows culture shaping bodily practices?"

MICHEL FOUCAULT

Definition: A relational force that operates through practices, institutions, and knowledge.

MC framing: "Which theorist understands power as productive and relational?"

MICHEL FOUCAULT

Definition: Power exercised through the right to take life or let live.

MC framing: "Which form of power focuses on death?"

MICHEL FOUCAULT

Definition: Power focused on managing and regulating life.

MC framing: "Which form of power focuses on life rather than death?"

MICHEL FOUCAULT

Definition: Biopower focused on regulating individual bodies.

MC framing: "Which concept refers to the control of individual bodies?"

MICHEL FOUCAULT

Definition: Biopower focused on regulating populations.

MC framing: "Which concept refers to population-level management?"

MICHEL FOUCAULT

Definition: A system of social regulation based on kinship, marriage, and inheritance.

MC framing: "Which system organizes society through kinship?"

MICHEL FOUCAULT

Definition: A modern system that produces sexual identities and norms through discourse.

MC framing: "Which system produces sexual identities?"

MICHEL FOUCAULT

Definition: The authority gained by those who are able to define truth or knowledge.

MC framing: "Who benefits from defining what counts as truth?"

ANGELA GARCÍA

Definition: The idea that care and violence can coexist within moral worlds rather than being opposites.

MC framing: "Which ethnography shows care and violence as intertwined?"

SUSAN STEWART

Definition: Using the Holocaust as the primary template for understanding genocide.

MC framing: "Which model treats the Holocaust as the standard case of genocide?"