History

Republican candidate 1920 presidential election; Campaign: "return to normalcy"; Pro-business; high tariffs; limited government involvement in economy

Governor of Ohio; Democratic candidate for president 1920; Supported Wilson's internationalism and League of Nations

"The business of America is business"; Succeeded Harding as president upon Harding's death; Pro-business policy; cut taxes; limited government spending

Labor leader and Socialist Party nominee for president; Arrested for violating Sedition Act, undermining government's conscription efforts; Sentenced to 10 years; served nearly 2 ½ years before sentence commuted by President Harding; President Wilson referred to Debs as a traitor

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Henry C. Wallace

Encouraged trade associations; promoted "associationalism"

Andrew Mellon: worked to reduce taxes on the wealthy and corporations

Albert Fall: secret leasing of oil-rich public land to private companies in return for money and land

not necessary to know the names of the officials implicated in the scandal

Revolutionized automobile industry with the assembly line; Manufactured the Model T, making cars affordable for the average American

Silent film star; most popular actor of the 1920s

One of the first movie super stars; Invented the "action" film genre; Partner with Charlie Chaplin and Mary Pickford to form United Artists

"America's Sweetheart"; major silent film star

Silent film era actress for Paramount; Starred in Evening Clothes (1927) and The City Gone Wild; Known for her "frizzled hairstyle"

"The Sultan of Swat"; helped make baseball the national pastime

World heavyweight champion from 1919 to 1926; Nicknamed "Kid Blackie" and "The Manassa Mauler"; Aggressive fighting style and exceptional punching power

Number 77, junior All-American halfback named Harold "Red" Grange; Signed to play for the Chicago Bears in 1925; the sport's first six-figure professional star

Wrote of disillusionment with American society and aftermath of WWI; Member of the "Lost Generation"

Coined the term "Lost Generation"

Wrote "The Great Gatsby"; chronicled the "Jazz Age"

Co-wrote 'Lift Every Voice and Sing' in 1900; Served as NAACP executive secretary from 1920-1930; First black lawyer admitted to the bar in Florida

Unveiled dozens of visualizations summarizing Black life in the United States at the 1900 World's Fair in Paris; Called upon Black veterans to "return fighting"

Urged African Americans to strengthen their culture; Endeavored to establish Black economic independence

Italian immigrants and anarchists; Convicted of robbery and murder; case seen as evidence of anti-immigrant bias

Election of 1928: Hoover (Republican) won; Al Smith (Democrat) lost

First person to fly solo, non-stop across the Atlantic Ocean

First woman to fly solo across the Atlantic

On the morning of February 6, 1919, Seattle stopped working; First city-wide labor action in American history to be proclaimed a "general strike"; Over 65,000 workers went on strike

1919 Boston Police Strike set Calvin Coolidge on the road to the White House; 1100 plus strikers were consigned to unemployment and anonymity

Site of the Tulsa Race Riot 1921; Greenwood community destroyed

Site of 1919 Chicago Race Riots during "Red Summer"; Racial conflicts exacerbated by competition for opportunities in postwar America

Capital of the film industry

Warren Harding (Republican) winner; James Cox (Democrat) loser

Calvin Coolidge (Republican) winner; John W. Davis (Democrat) loser

Unemployment; inflation; labor strikes; racial tensions

Laws that made it illegal to interfere with the war effort or say anything disloyal about the government

Demand for organization and action under new extra-company auspices; Groping for change in the industry

First city-wide labor action in American history; Began in shipyards that had expanded rapidly with war production contracts

Strikers armed only with an index card with name and dates of service; Volunteers used genealogy tools to flesh out later lives of strikers

A time of fear of the spread of communism; Sparked by mail bombs and Bolshevik Revolution

Belief that there should be no government

Economic and political system based on single-party government and state ownership of property

Neglected popular culture because they confused it with folk culture; "Bolshevists are the rats of civilization" according to 1919 Red Scare propaganda; Suspected of using immigrants and black newspapers to promote radical ideas

Economic system based on private property and free enterprise

Economic and political system based on government control of business and property

Movement of African Americans from the South to Northern cities

Violent racial conflicts in numerous American cities; Affected at least 26 cities across the United States

Greenwood community known as "Black Wall Street" destroyed by white mobs

Albert Fall secretly leased oil-rich public land to private companies

Harding died of a heart attack in 1923

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Growth of industries; higher wages; increased consumer spending

Steel, rubber, glass, and oil industries expanded

Affordable car manufactured by Henry Ford

Mass production technique that lowered costs and increased speed

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\$5-a-day wage; prohibited unions; hired African American workers

Led to paved roads; growth of suburbs; increased independence

National passion; 95 million tickets sold per week

Created a national culture; shared news and entertainment

People across the country heard the same programs and advertisements

Radio talks to explain New Deal policies and restore public confidence

Increased numbers in workforce; faced barriers in professions like law and medicine

Young women who challenged traditional expectations; short hair; makeup; shorter dresses

July 1917: Marched to protest lynchings and anti-Black violence

Official song of the NAACP; known as the Negro National Anthem; Co-written by James Weldon Johnson in 1900

Trial and execution highlighted Red Scare and nativism

Celebration of African American life and culture through art and literature

Herbert Hoover (Republican) winner; Alfred E. Smith (Democrat) loser

President during start of Great Depression; believed in "rugged individualism"

Governor of New York; Assistant Secretary of the Navy; polio survivor

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October 29, 1929: prices plunged to a new low; people scrambled to sell

Date of the Stock Market Crash

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Author of "The Grapes of Wrath"

Used force to clear the Bonus Army from Washington D.C.

Nominated Franklin D. Roosevelt for president

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Active First Lady; eyes and ears for FDR; focused on social issues

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State hit hard by the Dust Bowl; origin of many "Okies"

Destination for many farm families fleeing the Dust Bowl

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Region targeted by TVA for flood control and electricity

Stock market crash; banking crisis; overproduction; income disparity

Believed federal government should not provide direct relief; encouraged private charity

Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democrat) winner; Herbert Hoover (Republican) loser

Unequal distribution of wealth; top 5% owned 30% of income

Most Americans did not have enough money to buy the goods being produced

Reached 25% by 1933

Demand fell because people who could afford them already had them

Farmers suffered from low prices and high debt throughout the 1920s and 30s

Highest tariff in history; triggered trade wars and decreased global trade

Led to bank runs; people withdrew all their money, causing banks to fail

Used to justify opposition to direct federal relief

Head of Food Administration during WWI; Secretary of Commerce

Shantytowns built by homeless people during the Great Depression

Migrants known as "Okies" sought work in agricultural fields

Region in Great Plains where severe drought and dust storms occurred

Novel about the hardships of "Okies" migrating to California

WWI veterans marched on D.C. to demand early payment of bonuses

"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself"

FDR's programs to provide relief, recovery, and reform

Authorized Treasury Department to inspect country's banks; "bank holiday"

FDR's radio broadcasts to the American people

Period of intense legislative activity; passed 15 major pieces of New Deal legislation

Provided jobs for young men in environmental projects

Provided direct relief to the needy

Built dams to provide flood control and electricity to Tennessee Valley

Paid farmers to leave land unseeded to raise crop prices

Established codes of fair practice for industries

Created millions of jobs in construction, arts, and literacy

Provided money to states to create jobs in construction of schools and community buildings

Showed compliance with NRA codes; encouraged consumer support

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South hit hard by poverty and ineffective AAA policies

Payments often went to landowners, not tenant farmers or sharecroppers

Often forced off land when owners were paid to reduce acreage

Protected rights of workers to join unions and bargain collectively

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