1is a systematic, organized, and objective process of gathering, recording, and analyzing data to aid in decision-making or solve problems.
Research
2It is a search for knowledge using scientific methods.
Research
3What is Research?
1. is a systematic, organized, and objective process of gathering, recording, and analyzing data to aid in decision-making or solve problems.
2. It is a search for knowledge using scientific methods.
4Nature of Research
1. Systematic
2. Objective
3. Empirical
4. Replicable
6. Analytical
6. Controlled
5follows a clear and logical process
Systematic
6free from personal bias
Objective
7based on observation and evidence
Empirical
8can be repeated and verified by others
Replicable
9involves critical evaluation of data
Analytical
10ensures accuracy and validity of results
Controlled
11Importance of Research:
1. Expands knowledge
2. Solves problems
3. Improves decision-making
4. Supports innovation and policy-making
12Types and Methods of Research
A. According to Purpose:
1. Basic / Pure Research
2. Applied Research
3. Action Research
B. According to Method
1. Quantitative Research
2. Qualitative Research
3. Mixed-Methods Research
C. Common Research Designs
1. Descriptive
2. Correlational
3. Experimental
4. Phenomenological
Case Study
13Types and Methods of Research
A. According to Purpose:
1. Basic / Pure Research
2. Applied Research
3. Action Research
14Types and Methods of Research
B. According to Method
1. Quantitative Research
2. Qualitative Research
3. Mixed-Methods Research
15Types and Methods of Research
C. Common Research Designs
1. Descriptive
2. Correlational
3. Experimental
4. Phenomenological
16expands general knowledge without immediate application.
Basic / Pure Research
17solves practical problems
Applied Research
18focuses on improving practices or processes in a specific context
Action Research
19Uses numbers, measurable data, and statistics.
Quantitative Research
20Emphasizes objectivity and generalizability.
Quantitative Research
21Examples of Quantitative Research
surveys, experiments.
22Focuses on understanding experiences and meanings.
Qualitative Research
23Emphasizes depth and context
Qualitative Research
24Examples of Qualitative Research
interviews, focus groups, case studies.
25Combines both quantitative and qualitative approaches.
Offers comprehensive insights.
Mixed-Methods Research
26describes characteristics of a population or phenomenon.
Descriptive
27determines relationship between variables
Correlational
28tests cause-and-effect through controlled conditions
Experimental
29explores lived experiences.
Phenomenological
30investigates a specific case or situation in depth
Case Study
31This chapter introduces your research — why it matters, what gap it addresses, and what it aims to achieve.
CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
32CHAPTER 1 is composed of?
1.1 Introduction / Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Theoretical / Conceptual Framework
1.4 Statement of Hypothesis (if applicable)
1.5 Significance of the Study
1.6 Scope and Delimitation
1.7 Definition of Terms
33Provides context of the study.
Presents the problem situation, trends, or issues that led to the research.
Ends with a rationale: why the research is necessary.
1.1 Introduction / Background of the Study
34Tips in constructing 1.1 Introduction / Background of the Study
• Start from general to specific.
• Use statistics, facts, or literature to support your claims.
• Show the gap or problem clearly.
35It contains General Problem and specific problems
1.2 Statement of the Problem
36The main issue or question your study addresses
General Problem
37Sub-questions that guide your study objectives
Specific Problems
38Tips in constructing 1.2 Statement of the Problem
• Align problems with your objectives and methodology.
• State in question form (commonly) or declarative statements.
391.3 Theoretical / Conceptual Framework
contains:
1. Theoretical Framework
2. Conceptual Framework
40Presents the theory or model that supports the study.
Theoretical Framework
41Your own model or diagram showing how variables are related.
Conceptual Framework
42Tips in 1.3 Theoretical / Conceptual Framework
• Choose theories relevant to your topic.
• The framework must guide how you answer your research problem.
• Provide a diagram and explanation.
43Predicts the relationship between variables.
1.4 Statement of Hypothesis (if applicable)
44“There is a significant relationship between X and Y.”
1.4 Statement of Hypothesis (if applicable)
45Tips in 1.4 Statement of Hypothesis (if applicable)
• Used mostly in quantitative research.
• Align with research problems and statistical tests.
461.5 Significance of the Study
• Explains who will benefit and how:
o Students
o Educators/Administrators
o Policymakers
o Community / Industry
47Tips in 1.5 Significance of the Study
• Be specific and realistic.
48what the study covers (variables, respondents, period).
• Scope
49what the study does not cover.
• Delimitation
50Tips in 1.6 Scope and Delimitation
• Avoid being too broad; set clear boundaries.
51• Define key concepts and variables operationally (how they are used in the study).
• Arrange alphabetically.
1.7 Definition of Terms
52Tips in 1.7 Definition of Terms
• Use operational definitions, not just dictionary meaning.
• This section ensures clarity and consistency.