1Personal attributes that vary from one person to another
Individual differences
24 concept of fit
(1) Person-job fit
(2) Person-group fit
(3) Person-organization fit
(4) Person-vocation fit
3The fit between a person’s abilities and the demands of the job, and the fit between a person’s desires and motivations and the attributes and rewards of a job
Person-job fit
4The extent to which an individual fits with the workgroups and supervisor’s work styles, skills, and goals
Person-group fit
5The fit between an individual’s values, beliefs, and personality and the values, norms, and culture of the organizationype B vpersonalityInvolves the manner in which individuals process and organize
informationPictures, shapes, visually
Person-organization fit
6The fit between a person’s interests, abilities, values, and personality and a profession
Person-vocation fit
7Present both positive and potentially negative information to job candidates
Realistic job previews (RJPs)
8Realistic job previews (RJPs)
Goal is not to deter candidates, but to:
▪ Provide accurate information about job and organization
▪ Build trust
▪ Reduce turnover (especially from employees who quit because the job wasn’t what they expected)
9The relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguish one person from another, nature versus nurture?
Personality
10A set of fundamental traits that are especially relevant to organizations
The “Big Five” personality traits
11The “Big Five” personality traits
1. Agreeableness
2. Conscientiousness
3. Neuroticism
4. Extraversion / Introversion
5. Openness
12The ability to get along with others
Agreeableness
13Refers to an individual being dependable and organized
Conscientiousness
14Characterized by a person’s tendency to experience unpleasant emotions such as anger, anxiety, depression, and feelings of vulnerability
Neuroticism
15The quality of being comfortable with relationships
Extraversion
16The tendency to be less comfortable in relationships and social situations
Introversion
17The capacity to entertain new ideas and to change as a result of new information
Openness
18“big five” personality framework
In general, experts agree that personality traits closer to the left end of each dimension are (1) ________ in organizational settings, whereas traits closer to the right are (2) ______.
right -
left -
(1) more positive
(2) less positive
19Used to categorize personality.
Differentiation across four general dimensions
The Myers-Briggs framework
20The Myers-Briggs framework
1. Extroversion (E)/Introversion (I)
2. Sensing (S)/Intuition (N)
3. Thinking (T)/Feeling (F)
4. Judging (J)/Perceiving (P)
21 is a popular questionnaire used to assess personality types
Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI)
22Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI) is a popular questionnaire used to assess personality types
1. Communications styles
2. Interaction preferences
23Other Important Personality Traits
1. Locus of control
2. Self-efficacy
3. General self- efficacy
4. Self -esteem
5. Authoritarianism
6. Machiavellianism
7. Tolerance for risk (or risk propensity)
8. Tolerance for ambiguity
9. Type A personality
10. Type B personality
11. Bullying personality
24The extent to which one believes one’s circumstances are a function of either one’s own actions or of external factors beyond one’s control
Locus of control
25A person’s confidence in his or her ability to organize and execute the courses of action necessary to accomplish a specific task
Self-efficacy
26Your generalized belief that you will be successful at whatever challenges or tasks you might face
General self- efficacy
27Our feelings of self-worth and our liking or disliking of ourselves
Self -esteem
28The belief that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems such as organizations
Authoritarianism
29Traits causing a person to behave in ways to gain
Machiavellianism
30The degree to which a person is comfortable with risk and is willing to take chances and make risky decisions
Tolerance for risk (or risk propensity)
31Reflects the tendency to view ambiguous situations as either threatening or desirable
Tolerance for ambiguity
32Impatient, competitive, ambiguous, and uptight
Type A personality
33More relaxed and easygoing, less overtly competitive than Type A; handles stress less frantically
Type B personality
34Repeated mistreatment of another employee through verbal abuse; conduct that is threatening, humiliating, or intimidating; or sabotage that interferes with the other person’s work.
Bullying personality
35Type A personality
1. More competitive
2. More devoted to work
3. Stronger sense of time urgency
36Type B Personality
1. Less competitive
2. Less devoted to work
3. Weaker sense of time urgency
37The capacity to rapidly and fluidly acquire, process, and apply information
General mental ability
38Involves the manner in which individuals process and organize information
Information processing capacity
39Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
1. Linguistic
2. logical-mathematical
3. Musical
4. bodily-kinesthetic
5. spatial-visual
6. Interpersonal
7. Intrapersonal
40Words and language
Linguistic
41Logic and numbers
logical-mathematical
42Music, rhythm, and sound
Musical
43Body movement and control
bodily-kinesthetic
44Images and space
spatial-visual
45Other people’s feelings
Interpersonal
46Self-awareness
Intrapersonal
47This theory says there is more than one way to be smart. Important for determining different learning preferences.
Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
48An interpersonal capability that includes the ability to perceive and express emotions, to understand and use them, and to manage emotions in oneself and other people
Emotional intelligence (EQ)
49Emotional intelligence (EQ)
Self-awareness:
Self-motivation:
Self-management:
Empathy:
Social skills:
50being aware of what you’re feeling
Self-awareness:
51persisting in the face of obstacles, setbacks, and failures.
Self-motivation:
52managing your own emotions and impulses
Self-management:
53sensing how others are feeling
Empathy:
54effectively handling emotions of others
Social skills:
55physical agility and balance; body control; hand-eye coordination
Bodily-Kinesthetic
56Related Careers of Bodily-Kinesthetic
1. Athletes,
2. firefighters,
3. chefs,
4. actors,
5. gardeners
57Preferred Learning Style of Bodily-Kinesthetic
Touch and feel, physical experience
58ability to relate to others and perceive their feelings; interprets behaviors of others; relates to emotional intelligence
Interpersonal:
59Related Careers of Interpersonal:
1. Psychologists,
2. doctors,
3. educators,
4. salespeople,
5. politicians
60Preferred Learning Style of Interpersonal
Human contact, teamwork
61self-awareness; understands oneself and one’s relationship to others and to the world; relates to emotional intelligence
Intrapersonal:
62Related Careers for Intrapersonal
Related to success in almost all careers
63Preferred Learning Style of Intrapersonal:
Self-reflection, self-discovery
64verbal and written language; explaining and interpreting ideas and information
Linguistic:
65Related Careers for Linguistic:
1. Authors,
2. speakers,
3. lawyers,
4. TV and radio hosts,
5. translators
66Preferred Learning Style of Linguistic
Verbal and written words and language
67logic and pattern detection; analytical; problem solving; excels at math
Logical-Mathematical:
68Related Careers for Logical-Mathematical:
1. Engineers,
2. directors,
3. scientists,
4. researchers,
5. accountants,
6. statisticians
69Preferred Learning Style of Logical-Mathematical
Logic and numbers
70recognition of rhythm and tonal patterns; musical ability; high awareness and use of sound
Musical
71Related Careers of Musical
1. Musicians,
2. DJs,
3. music teachers,
4. acoustic engineers,
5. music producers,
6. composers
72Preferred Learning Style of Musical
Music, Sounds, and rhythm
73creation and interpretation of visual images; visual and special perception
Spatial-Visual:
74Related Careers for Spatial-Visual:
1. Artists,
2. engineers,
3. photographers,
4. inventors,
5. beauty consultants
75Preferred Learning Style of Spatial-Visual:
Pictures, shapes, visually
76Individual differences and preferences in how we process information while problem-solving, learning, or engaging in similar activities
Learning Styles
77Sensory modalities approach
1. Visual
2. Auditory:
3. Tactile:
4. Kinesthetic:
78learning by seeing
Visual:
79learning by hearing
Auditory
80learning by touching
Tactile:
81learning by doing
Kinesthetic:
82An inclination for exploration during learning
Discovery learning
83A desire for hands-on approaches to instruction
Experiential learning
84A preference for external stimuli such as demonstrations anddiagrams
Observational learning
85A preference for processing strategies such as taking notes, writing down task steps, subjective assessments
Structured learning
86Preference to work with others while learning, active and interactional
Group learning