1This chapter explains how the study will be conducted — the research design, participants, data collection, and analysis.
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2Chapter 3 is composed of?
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Population and Sampling
3.3 Research Instrument
3.4 Data Gathering Procedure
3.5 Data Analysis
3.6 Ethical Considerations
3• Describes the overall plan to answer your research problem.
3.1 Research Design
4• Common designs (research design)
o Descriptive
o Correlational
o Experimental
o Qualitative (case study, phenomenology, etc.)
5Tips in 3.1 Research Design
• Match the design to your research questions.
6Tips in 3.2 Population and Sampling
• Justify your sampling method.
• State the sample size and rationale.
7total group of interest.
• Population
8subset of the population
• Sample
9• Sampling Technique:
o Probability (random, stratified, systematic)
o Non-probability (purposive, convenience, quota)
10Probability Sampling
(random, stratified, systematic)
11Non-probability Sampling
(purposive, convenience, quota)
12• Tool for data collection (e.g., questionnaire, interview guide).
• Include description, validation, and reliability testing.
3.3 Research Instrument
13Tips in 3.3 Research Instrument
• For surveys, include pilot testing and Cronbach’s Alpha if applicable.
• Attach instrument in the appendix.
143.4 Data Gathering Procedure
• Step-by-step procedure of how you will collect data.
o Securing permission
o Administering tools
o Collecting responses
o Securing confidentiality
15Tips in 3.4 Data Gathering Procedure
• Be clear and ethical.
• Indicate timelines.
16• Describe statistical or qualitative methods for analysis.
3.5 Data Analysis
173.5 Data Analysis
• Describe statistical or qualitative methods for analysis.
• Examples:
o Frequency, Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation
o Correlation, t-test, ANOVA
o Thematic analysis (for qualitative data)
18Tips in 3.5 Data Analysis
• Align analysis with your research questions and hypothesis.
• Mention software if applicable (e.g., SPSS, Microsoft Excel, NVivo).
193.6 Ethical Considerations
• Voluntary participation
• Informed consent
• Anonymity and confidentiality
• Proper citation and acknowledgment
20Tips in 3.6 Ethical Considerations
• Ethics should be explicit and clearly documented.