China mus 111

7 string plucked zither. Chinese mythology says it is 5000 years old, but
ancient models say it's 2500 years old. It is associated w/ the scholar/literati class. Complex playing technique where is uses open strings, harmonics and fretted notes. It has it's own notation system indicating pitch and plucking technique but not rhythm.

4 string plucked lute which forms models for Japanese and Korea. Brought to China through the Silk Road during Qin and Han Dynasties 221 BC-220 AD. Present form emerges during Tang Dynasty, based upon instruments from Central Asia. Complex playing technique (tan, tiao, lun) and originally associated with wondering mistrals and courtesans'.

2 string bowed lite that is traced back to instruments introduced into Chinamore than 1000 years ago. It Evolved from the xiqin. Modernization is connected to Liu Tianhua in early 20th century.

21 string zither that forms model for Japanese Koto and Korean Kayagum. 500-221 BC and originally associated w/ female courtesans and
shunned by literati. Moveable bridges where strings can be pressed against
soundboard. IN 20th century it is a popular solo instrument.

Plucked String Insturment

2 stringed lute w/ a wooded neck and resonator covered w/ snake skin. It is played w/ a pick. Originally a folk music instrument. It entered many regional ensembles and eventually developed a solo repertoire. It is a model for Japanese Shamisen.

Common Chinese folk instrument also used in various opera traditions and instrumental ensembles. Features a membrane over a hole that gives it a special sound, like a kazoo bussing. Many advanced techniques have been developed to bring it up to standard of a concert/solo instrument.

Traditionally an outdoor instrument that was used for material bands, weddings, federalists, etc.. In some areas it accompanies Daoist rituals. Double reed instrument w/ a conical wooden body and a brass or copper mouthpiece and a detachable metal bell. Now there are modern versions that play in a similar range as the oboe. Very raspy and screechy sound.

Vertical end blown flute (aerophore) made from purple bamboo. Traditionalism have 6 holes, moderns have 8 holes. Predates the Qin and held in high esteem by classical scholars.

Bowed string instrument in the huqin family, used primarily in Beijing opera. It is the smallest and highest pitched instrument in the huqin family. Has a tone similar to a violin but raspier.

Chinese mouth-blown free reed instrument consisting of vertical pipes. It is a polyphonic instrument and enjoys an increasing popularity as a solo instrument.

551-479 BC. Philosophy of living in a regulated society. There are 4 main tenants

6th century BC. Seeks to find harmony w/ nature and society through following certain principles. 1)The universe is a constant flux or change 2) Non-action allowing things to take their natural course 3)The power of softness to overcome strength 4)Living in proximity to nature away from congested city life. Particularly suited to art, music, material arts and meditation. Eventually takes an aspects of folk region and spirit worship which influences Chinese Buddhism. Ying and Yang is the symbol for this.

Proper music played on instruments like the guqin.

Vulgar music of popular entertainment.

A gathering of cultivated people

The 4 arts

Concerned w/ individual self realization and has taken many influences from Daoism. There are any Chinese sects, but most mportant are 1) Pure land 2) Chan. The culture has spread to Korea, Taiwan and Japan. Chan (Zen) stressed meditation, simplicity and strong connection to nature. The core artistic concepts are Ying, Qi and Binary Opposition (Ying and Yang) and numerology andzo diacs are important.

Binary Opposition where there is a positive and negative space.

Resonance.

Configured energy.

During the 1990s Jacky Cheung, Andy Lau, Aaron Kwok and Leon Lai, dominated music, and coverage in magazines, TV,
advertisements and cinema.

After the city was developed by the British after the Opium War (1839-42) and westernized modeled by London, it becomes a gateway for western culture in China. It was a cosmopolitan arta scene including music, theater, film, and jazz. It opens in 1927 and is the cneter for Chinese film and music. Ex

Began in 1990's where millions of unsold western music CD's w/ a chunk out were illegally imported into China. It was rockrunge type of music.

Style of music where the name means silk (string instruments) and bamboo (flutes). The center of development was south of the Yangtze river (Shanghai) about 100-200 years. It was developed by armature artists who got together in informal settings. Consists of pieces drawn from solo instruments, folk melodies and opera arias arranged for the ensemble.

Older than the Peking Opera. It arose in 16th century and in height of Ming Dynasty. It means "the song of Kunshan" near modern Suzhou in Jiangsu province. Sung in Wu regional dialect. Plays are 4 acts w/ stock characters. Used wind instruments (dizi was lead) and accompanied by sanxian, pipa, sheng. It died out in 20th century dur to Cultural Revolution but gov't tried to revive it in 1980s. Now it is UNESCO recognized.

Peking opera

Popular songs (pop songs)

Known as "Southern Pipes" that originated in Quanzhou (southern Fujian province amongst the Minna people. Performed three types of main music 1) Shi (sung recitations of ancient poems 2) Zhi (song suites) 3) Pu (instrumental pieces. Can perform in religious activities.

Revolutionary songs

This poet-painter of the Tang dynasty is credited with the development of the monochrome landscape painted in the broken ink or "P'o-mo" style. A famous later day poet and critic said that he found paintings in his poems and poems in his paintings.

The most important Qin player

A documentary film maker. One of the founding father's of Chinese independent documentary. Preserves Qin music today. Example 1; Yang Guan San Die.

An independent art critic and curator of contemporary Chinese art in China. Preserved Qin music today.

A master musician, published writer, and multimedia artist. She began her study of guqin in 1985 under the direction of master artist Li Xiangting at the Central Conservatory of Music in China. Is considered one of the most experienced guqin artists of her generation.

Composer and teacher of Chinese classical music. Example 3; Yue er Gao

Pipa player, heard in Xiao Yue Er Gao (High Little Moon), part of Silk Road Project.

1920-1998 major educator, theorist and performer. Established Guzheng in Chinese music academies and taught at China Conservatory of music. Published many scores of guzheng music. Example 4

1945-2014 and known as the queen of the erhu. Nationally known and recognized in China. Performed in example 5

A Chinese-Canadian musician who is one of the most prominent pipa players in the world.

Did example 7

Performed example 8

Was responsible for bringing out the sanxian as a solo instrument in the early 1900s.

Also known as Jay Chou, Sung example 11
film musical called "All Consuming Love". Known as "the Golden Voice" and the popular song was "Liuxing Gequ". Was a member of a group founded by Li Jinhui.

Was a member and founder of a group. Was known as the "Father of Chinese Popular Music". Lived a troubled life dying at the age of 39 (1918-1957). On of the 7 singing stars of the 1930s-40s. Music represents a time when China was influenced by Jazz and Hollywood movies. Comes to abrupt end w/ communist takeover.

Taiwanese singer that dominated East Asia during 1970s and
80s. Became a staple at Karaoke Bars and bypassed censorship rules in mainland China. Died suddenly at age 42 of asthma attack. Songs covered by many contemporary female singers including Faye Wong.

Mainland China's Teresa Teng. Was a part of "Xiang Lian" ("Love for my Homeland").

b. 1948 and one of the founders of Cantopop. Introduced various Western pop musical styles into Hong Kong during late 1960s and 70s. Along w/ brother Michaels gained fame as TV star/host of youth music program. Wrote many songs for Michael's films. Retired in 1991. Most of the soundtrack of "The Private Eyes" 1976 was done by this person. The third album led to widespread popularity.

Famous Cantonese actor and singer from Hong Kong. Born in 1956 and committed suicide in 2003 from depression. Active as both a film actor and concert vocalist. Appeared in many seminal films including Chinese Ghost Story. One of the first openly bisexual people in Hong Kong. Summer Romance Album was the height of his career. Top selling album of 1987 sold over 350,000 copies and lead single "sleepless night" won Gold Song Gold Award.

One of the 4 Heavenly Kings of Cantopop and won nationwide singing competition in 1985. Known for his baritone voice. Goodbye Kiss sung in Mandarin, is one of his best selling songs. Over 5 million copies sold in 1993 alone.

Famous actress and singer. Small City and _ _ _ _ _ _'s Music
Box. Artist of the year, female artist of the year awards won.

b. 1961 and considered the "Father of Chinese Rock Music". Was a

guitar, vocals, trumpet and composer. In the mid 1980s he rejected the Chinese pop song format and began to imitate American rock music. Born and raised in Beijing and sings in Beijing dialect. Music became the voice of the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 which eventually represented by the government. Example 14

The first Chinese Heavy Metal Band. The guitarist was Liu
Jingwei who was considered the first Chinese guitar hero.

Founded in 1987 and the first album sold over 1
million copies in mainland China.

Born in 1979 in Taiwan. Taiwan music and art is centralized
around freedom (like Hong Kong). Influenced by American and Japanese Pop Music. Learned the cello and piano as a child and didn't go to college. Struggled w/ minimum wage jobs and performed in talent shows. Music industry did not think his looks were good enough to be successful. His music fuses Rock RnB and Rap music w/ Chinese lyrics.

Born in Beijing and started in Cantonese Pop. Appropriated many western pop songs w/ new lyrics. Collaborated w/ Cocteau Twins. Known as the "Diva of Asia". Their fans were known as "_ _ _ _-Natics".

Born Yao Zhongruan in 1978 in Taipei, Taiwan. One of the 1st to rap in Mandarin rather than English. Adapted fashion, style, culture and swagger of American rap. Influenced development of rap in Hong Kong and Mainland China. Toured the US many times and became judge of new Chinese TV program "The Rap of China" since 2017.

Rebuilding the rights of statutes. Guitar player was Hua Dong, Bass was Liu Min and Drums were Ma Hui. Sings example 15, "Hang the Police".

Singer, actor, film producer, one of the 4 Heavenly Kings" of Cantopop. Won male artist of the year award 7 times. Starred in the film Casino Raiders II.

Launched as a small indie-rock record label and music magazine publisher in 1997.

Cantonese hip-hop group from Hong Kong. Founded in 1993 and disbanded in 2003 (solo careers then formed). Pioneers of Cantonese Pop. Songs are controversial due to the influence of street youth culture, profanity and attitude. Songs highlight economic alienation of lower class living in housing projects. Collective of musicians, started in Heavy Metal, then moved to rap. Members were, MC Yan, DJ Tommy, Phat, Prodip, Kevin, Wah, Davy, Jimmy.

Formed in Beijing by veterans of the Rock Music scene.
Learned about Reggae through Dakou CD's of Bob Marley and other Reggae
groups. Members include, Guo Jian (lead voice), Gao Fei (drums), Niu Mu (guitar, rap, samples). Fei Fei (keyboards), Gao Xu (guitar). Represent growing Reggae scene in China.

One of the pioneers of Chinese rap on mainland. Formed in 2000 and collective of 4 M.C.'s from international origins. A Beijing (Wong Bo "M.C. Webber), Chinese-Canadian (Marcus Zhong "Sbazoo"), and 2 Americans (Jeremy Johnson "Lao Zheng XIV" and Jeff Heffernan "Dirty Heff"). They signed w/ local Indy record label "Scream Records". Released first album "Serve the People in 2005. Started section 6, grassroots hip-hop party in Beijing that cultivated 1st generation of Chinese underground rappers.

"Sheng Hu" from the Opera Yu Tangshan (Jade house in Springtime). Was an opera star w/ a 50 year career. Was on stage by 11/12 years old and well known in the US and Japan. Recorded in 1929 Beijing. Sung example 10; Aria "Farewell My Concubine". 6