PART 5

Two electrophilic substitution reactions
bear the names of chemists

places an acyl
group on a benzene ring

places an alkyl
group on a benzene ring

Hydrogen that will attach with the
benzene ring should only have

is a beta blocker and used
as an anti-hypertensive agent

is a barbiturate and used
as anticonvulsant

belongs to hydantoins and
used as anticonvulsant or anti-seizure
drug; category X for pregnant women

is an NSAID and used
as anti-inflammatory agent

is used to lower cholesterol
levels and is HMG COA reductase
inhibitor (enzyme needed to produce
cholesterol)

is a synthetic steroid
used as birth control pills; source of
estrogen

is a Coumadin an antiplatelet or
anticoagulant, and used in patients with
problems in coagulation cascade

is a psychostimulant
(CNS activity) and used to treat ADHD
and narcolepsy; and obesity
management

Sources of alkyl halides

Structure of alkyl halides

C-C-X

C-C-X
C

C
C-C-X
C

least polarizable of the
halogen

most polarizable

More polarizable =

Multiple halogen substitution tends to
increase the

have some polar
character, but only alkyl fluorides have
an atom that can form a hydrogen bond
with water

have
an atom that can form a hydrogen bond
with water

are the
most water soluble of the alkyl halides

the
electronegative atom of group is replaced
by another atom or group

the
electronegative atom or group is
eliminated, along with a hydrogen from
an adjacent carbon

The atom or group that is substituted or
eliminated in these reactions is called a

causes alkyl halides to undergo
substitution and elimination reactions

Regardless of the mechanism by which a substitution reaction occurs, it is called a (?)because a nucleophile substitutes for the halogen

The methyl reaction of methyl bromide
with hydroxide ion is an example of an