LAB 7

are among the first examples of compounds that
possess a C-O double bond

This group is called a _________,
and it has very different chemical
properties than a C-C double bond in
alkenes

2 simplest family of carbonyl compounds

- RCHO
-al, -oxo-
C=O attached to an alkyl group

RCOR
-one , -oxo-
C=O attached to an alkyl group

One of the IUPAC rule for Aldehyde is Select as the parent chain the longest continuous chain that
includes the carbonyl carbon

One of the IUPAC rule for Aldehye is Name the parent chain by changing the corresponding alkane
name (ending with “e”) to an ending with “al”

One of the IUPAC rule for Ketone is Number the parent chain assuming the carbonyl carbon is C-1

One of the IUPAC rule for Aldehye is Identify substituents on the parent chain as after, at the
beginning of the compound’s name

One of the IUPAC rule for Ketone is Select as the parent chain the longest continuous chain that
includes the carbonyl carbon

One of the IUPAC rule for Aldehyde Name the parent chain by removing the “e” from the corresponding
alkane name and adding “one”

One of the IUPAC rule for Ketone Number the chain to give the carbonyl group the lowest numbering.

Determine the number and location of substituents and number
them accordingly is an IUPAC rule for

Aldehydes are often recognizable by their

Vanillin, Benzaldehye, and Cinnamaldehyde ae examples of

Some _____ (e.g. acetone) have a “sweet” smell also).

2-Heptanone, Butanedione, Carvone are examples of

Neither aldehydes nor ketones possess the ability to H-bond with other
molecules like themselves. However, they can form H-bond with
water molecule

Boiling points for aldehydes and ketones are ____
than for alcohols of similar molar mass

Generally the boiling point of aldehydes and
ketones ____ with increase in molecular
weight

The lower members (up to 4 carbons) of aldehydes and
ketones are soluble in water due to H-bonding.

The higher members ______ in water because
the hydrocarbon part is larger and resists the
formation of hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

Reduction test
Note that most ketones and aromatic aldehydes will not
react.

(+) red ppt (aldehyde)

an aldehyde is oxidized to a carboxylic acid
while Cu2+ is reduced to give red Cu2O(s).

Reaction tests for the presence of primary alcohols, secondary alcohol
and aldehyde

(+) primary or secondary alc – 2-3 secs formation of cloudy blue green
suspension and disappearance of orange colored reagent

A chromic acid test is _______ color in
either layer indicates a
positive test

Formation of a precipitate is a positive test.

Some ketones give oils which will not solidify.
Some allylic alcohols are oxidized by the reagent to aldehydes and give a positive test.
Some alcohols, if not purified, may contain aldehyde or ketone impurities.

Aldehydes and ketones containing the CH 3 C=O group will give a
positive result with the triiodomethane reaction.

Therefore, only aldehyde to give a positive result is

for the determination of reducing and non-reducing sugars that
are present in carbohydrates

A brick red precipitate

A pale yellow precipitate of iodoform (CHI3)

Nail polish remover odor
USES:
𖤓 Solvent
𖤓 Nail polish remover
𖤓 Varnish remover
𖤓 denaturan

𖤓 Bitter almond odor
USES:
𖤓 manufacture of rubber promoters
𖤓 synthetic flavoring agent in foods

facture of rubber promoters
𖤓

the synthesis of amino acids,
manufacture of perfumes, flavorings,
plasticizers and gasoline additives

Mothball-like odor

Topical antipruritic

Effective in reducing cough when
externally applied to the chest and
throat of young children

Counterirritant for inflammatory conditions

sweet, warm, creamy, and tenacious odor

Flavorant

𖤓 sweet and spicy odor
and flavorant

Insecticide against mosquito larvae

𖤓 faintly sweet pungent odor like that
of ethyl alcohol

prouction of fertilizer, paper,
plywood, and urea-formaldehyde
resins

Embalming agent

Disinfectant and Tissue Fixative

𖤓 Mint or acetone-like odor

solvent in insecticides, wood stains,
paint and varnish removers, spot
removers, cellulosics, and natural
and synthetic resins and lacquers.