unit 2

method used to study natural things

elements attributes and relationships

characteristics of an element that can be measured

cause and effect relationships between element and attribute

does not have connections beyond its boundary

does not allow matter to cross but does allow energy

have both matter and energy crossing boundary

when characteristics of a whole system are greater then the sum of its parts

current condition of a system

gain kinetic energy

loss of kinetic energy

different number of neutrons

radioactive decay

sharing of electrons

cations and anions

metabolism and heredity

have the ability to use and process light or chemical energy found in the outside environment

consume other organisms to obtain energy

extract the atomic energy found in matter (1940)

energy die to motion

energy stored by an object and transformed into another form of energy

force×distance

force needed to accelerate

conduction convection radiation

ratio of the amount of heat energy absorbed by a substance to its corresponding temperature rise

heat capacity of a unit mass of a substance or heat needed to raise temperature of 1g to 1C

heat measured by a thermometer

energy required to change a substance to a higher state of matter

-energy can be transferred from system to system -energy can not be created or destroyed -total amount of energy in universe is constant

-processes involving energy transfer can only move one direction -entropy of an isolated system increases with time

-energy transferred is a substance directly molecule to molecule -flow of heat energy along a temperature gradient

transfer of energy by vertical mass motions of gas or liquid

horizontal transfer of energy

emmison and propagation of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves can move energy through space without aid of material medium