1cycling nutrients in the biosphere involves
metabolism,abiotic chemical reactions
2all biogeochemical cycles for all ecologically significant elements have
organic and inorganic component
3nutrients realised by weathering
calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium,silicon,iron,aluminum,phosphorus
4atmospheric input
large quantities of nutrients added to ecosystem through atmosphere
5biological input
nitrogen fixation through bacteria actinomycetes and blue green algae
6addition of inorganic and organic matter
addition of animals to ecosystem that realease nutrients when they die
7gaseous losses
export of nutrients in a gaseous form
8loss of inorganic and organic matter
soil erosion and leaching
9leaching
when water flowing vertically and transports nutrients downward
10internal nutrient cycling
mostly occurs in the topmost horizons in soil
11decomposition of organic matter begins with
soil organisms like earthworks that break down organic matter into smaller pieces
12carbon stored in what sinks
organic molecules,gas carbon dioxide,organic matter ,fossil fuels, oceans
13inorganic deposits of carbon
coal,oil, natural gas
14organic forms of carbon
litter,organic matter
15atmospheric levels have increased by over
40% from 275 ppm to 415 ppm
16corbon dioxide by 2100
450 ppm to 600 ppm
17emissions from fossil fuel combustion account for how much of the additional dioxide in the earths atmosphere
65%
18deforestation leads to how much of the additional carbon dioxide
35%
19what is denitrification
involves the reduction of nitrate into nitrogen or nitrous oxide
20geographic range
spatial distribution of a species
21optimum
level that a species functions most effeciently
22Liebig law of the minimum
suggests a single limiting factor can control growth of a species
23for most plants whatbidblimiting
nitrogen
24intraspecific
interactions of individuals within same species
25interspecific
effects of interactions between different species
26alleopathy
form of interference competition that occurs with plants
27mutualism
association between pairs of species that bring mutual benifit
28commensalism
one species obtains a benifit the other is unaffected
29obtain food at the expense of the host
pathogens, parasites, predators
30inertia
ecosystem resistance to perturbation
31allogenic succession
succession controlled by a change in environmental conditions
32autogenic succession
succession controlled by establishing species which then cause a change in environmental condition