Unit 1: Review

Blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, body temperature

difference from what is normal in animals, can be transmittable or non-transmittable (eg broken limbs)

genetic abnormalities, injury/environmental stress, chemical toxicity/deficiency, digestive diseases

bacteria, viruses, prions, fungi/molds, parasites

reservoir --> venue of transmission --> susceptible animal

actively acquired by antigen present, antigen gained via disease or via vaccine

introduction of antibodies by placenta/colostrum or serum

period of time after treatment in animals that allows for medication to metabolize and disappear from the meat or milk that we may later harvest (a full 24 hours past the last treatment is one day)

also called intradermal, require a shorter needle and need to be given at an angle to ensure product is placed just below the skin

requires a long needle and is given perpendicular to the surface of the skin, ensures proper placement

important area on food-producing animals, provides good blood flow for vaccine but is not an area of valuable meet should it scar

enter at 90 degrees, needle goes in on one side and exits through the other

used to reapproximate the skin, start deep and end deep, knot is ends up underneath

same technique as simple interrupted suture without stopping, aim is for spacing between sutures to be equal

continuous, begins with simple interrupted, often done with help of assistant, suture stays inside of loop in order to evenly distribute tension, ends with backhand suture bite

medications that can be sold directly to people without a prescription

written prescription from a veterinarian, needed to allow animal caretakers to put antibiotics in feed or water

when a veterinarian knows a caretaker's pet or herd well enough to diagnose and treat any medical condition the animal(s) develop

the use of an approved drug in a manner not in accordance with the approved labeling, yet meets the conditions set forth by the Animal
Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act of 1994 (AMDUCA) and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations; includes use in another species, use for a different indication, use at a different dose or frequency, and use via a different route of administration

often the seed part of the plant where the energy in concentrated, easily digested by most classes of animals (monogastrics), low in fiber

less digestable and often the body of the plant

term that describes animals with digestive systems not designed for large amounts of plant body consumption

term that describes animals with digestive systems that "ferment" with microbes before digestion, able to consume large amounts of plant body

contain at least 20% protein, often more expensive per unit of weight

contain less than 20% protein and less than 18% fiber

low fiber, more than 10% protein, usually less mature and possibly processed

high fiber, less than 10% protein, usually more mature or mishandled (loses nutrient value), less palatable

added to complete the ration usually in small quantities, can enhance flavor/texture or promote growth

also contributes to need for protein

barley, wheat, etc.

type of processing in which feed is harvested from the plant and left as is

type of processing in which particle size is reduced by mechanical shearing, wearing, or impact; smaller and finer in texture

type of processing in which feed particle size is reduced by combined breaking and crushing action, more coarse and with some whole seeds when compared to grinding

type of processing in which feed is passed through a set of rollers, splitting the coarse outer grain shell

type of processing in which feed is compressed into a circular or cubic mass, forced through openings by a mechanical process and cut at predetermined lenghts, helps prevent selective sorting of feeds/additives

type of processing in which feed is forced through narrow openings under pressure to create various shapes and sizes of feeds

Particle size reduced by cutting with sharp-edged instruments. i.e., knives.

plant materials preserved by anaerobic fermentation.

cut and air dried in the sun (i.e. hay)

dehydration process done by freezing material, then reducing surrounding pressure and adding heat to allow frozen water in material to sublime directly from solid phase to gas.

specially shaped mixture held together with a binder

concentrate feeds that are co-products from ethanol or corn sweetner production

ruminant feeds

monogatric feeds

young animal feeds

older animal feeds

high performace animal feeds

low performance animals

intact male sheep

sheep scientific adjective

young female sheep

mature female sheep

sheep offspring

castrated male sheep

pig scientific adjective

intact male pig

young female pig

mature female pig

pig offspring

castrated male pig

cattle scientific adjective

intact male cattle

young female cattle

mature female cattle

cattle offspring

castrated male cattle

horse scientific adjective

intact male horse

young female horse

mature female horse

horse offspring

castrated male horse

chicken scientific adjective

intact male chicken

young female chicken

mature female chicken

chicken offspring

chicken castrated male

dog scientific adjective

intact male dog

mature female dog

dog offspring

cat scientific adjective

intact male cat

mature female cat

cat offspring

castrated male cat

turkey scientific adjective

intact male turkey

young female turkey

mature female turkey

turkey offspring

castrated male turkey

rabbit scientific adjective

intact male rabbit

young female rabbit

mature female rabbit

rabbit offspring

goat scientific adjective

intact male goat

young female goat

mature female goat

goat offspring

castrated goat male

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degree to which one animal is more or less thickly muscled than another

degree which one animal shows more or less external fat or "condition" than another

differences in linear measurement of the animal as a whole (taller/shorter bodied) or certain parts of the animal's body

differences in the percieved volume of the body cavity, lenght, depth, and width of the rib cage and body

differences in leg structure and movement, general design and type of the animal (soundness of feet/legs, movement, function, and skeletal design – even eye
appeal when economically important)

noninvasive temporary method used on swine, sheep, and beef, applies colored external mark on skin

mostly noninvasive semi-permanent method used on cattle, sheep, and goats, marker placed in the animal's ear

invasive permanent method used on cattle, uses hot iron to mark the skin of the animal

noninvasive temporary method used on dairy and poultry, bracelet placed around animal's leg

invasie permanent method used on beef and dairy, enters body cavity and sits in reticulum

semi-invasive temporary method used on poultry, pokes hole in wing in order to place bracelet around it

invasive and permanent method used on cats, dogs, and emus, small electronic device placed under the skin

invasive and permanent method that can be used on all animals, uses blood or tissue sample from the animal

invasive and permanent method used on cattle and horses, kills pigment cells so hair grows in white

invasive and permanent method used on cattle, sheep, swine, rabbits, etc, prints identification on ear, often difficult to read in most cases

invasive and permanent method used on horses, identification printed inside of lip, often not easily read

invasive and permanent method used on swine and goats, involves removing tissue/cartilage from the ear

noninvasive and permanent method used all animals (common in sheep and cattle), scan the animal's eyes for identification

invasive and permanent method used on pigs, often printed on shoulder for identification after slaughter

orientation is on footprint, starts at know point last seen (PLS), may need scent article

uses scent discrimination, follows skin rafts that have fallen to ground/higher vegetation, follows human scent, not ground disturbances (wind moves scent away from path over time)

picks up airborne scent cone from missing person, may ignore ground scent (follows air scent, not ground)

Quick to learn, intelligent, capable. Make solid companions. Considerable dimensions and strength. (husky, doberman, great dane)

Active. Alert. Remarkable instincts in water and woods, Actively participate in hunting and other field activities. Require regular vigorous exercise. (golden retriever, irish setter)

Most have acute scenting powers, stamina, and distinct ability to bay. But great variation in type beyond this (afghan, beagle)

Diminutive size and winsome expressions are the main features. Also tough, and adaptable to small living spaces. (shih tsu, pug)

Feisty, energetic dogs with varied sizes between breeds. Typically have little tolerance for other animals, including other dogs. Most have wiry coats.

Fabulous ability to control the movement of other animals. Intelligent, excellent companions, respond beautifully to training exercises. (australian shepherd, border collie)

Sturdy build but with great variation in other traits (color, coat, head ear and so on). Originally from the working group. (corgi, chow chow, dalmation)

the conscious production of biological products to meet human needs

art, religion, histroy, trade, government

marked by the transition by humans from hunting animals to controlling and breeding animals

animal-derived product responsible for the economic development of England and Spain

historical figure who promoted agriculture coursework in US colleges

interlocking strands of yarn in weaved fabric, used as a metaphor by Dr. Willham to describe relationship between humans and domesticated animals and how it is an integral part of human civilization

mutually beneficial relationship

organism that has been purposely genetically altered to meet human needs

giving human characteristics to non-human things

form clusters called lobes in cow's udder, produce milk on a continual basis during lactation

where milk from cow exits after traveling through gland cistern to teat cistern

microbial infection the udder is highly susceptible to, teat dripping used as form of prevention

hand-held device that places a cable over over pig's snout and under canine teet, causes pig to freeze in place allowing for injections to be administered

process of turining a sheep onto its rump, allows hands to be free for shearing along midline, trimming feet, examining teeth, and adiministering shots

used to tie or untie halter from rail, easily released if animal should pull strongly against rope or fall while tied and is in risk of choking

distimguished by presence of a saddle horn, more substantial stirrups, fenders, deep saddle seat, more substantial cinch strap (or latigo), and a flank or belly strap

holds western saddle most securely to the horse

learned behavior: desensitization, eg an animal trained to lessen its fight or flight response

the study of behavior in animals

observable, coordinated responses to external/environmental stimuli

learned behavior: associative, "cue, response, reward," aquire new response by association with old one, negatively or positively reinforced

learned behavior: reinforcement of behavior not continued

learned behavior: phase/age sensitive learning, independent of consequences

innate behavior: natural tendency to eat food

innate behavior: natural tendency to urinate/defecate

innate: tendency to find cover

innate: natural reproductive patterns

innate: fighting behavior

innate: tendency of offspring to associate with mother figure

flocking instinct (strong in sheep, less so in pigs)

area around animal that triggers flight response