1operational definition
A statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables so that a study can be exactly replicated.
2hypothesis
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory.
3variable
A condition in an experiment that can assume categories, levels, or values and be quantified (measured); usually dependent (measured) and independent (manipulated).
4experimental research
Research utilizing randomized assignment of participants to conditions and systematic manipulation of variables with the objective of drawing causal inference.
5non-experimental research
Research in which the investigator cannot manipulate its variables and regulate their participants.
6quantitative research
A method of research that relies on measuring variables using a numerical system, reporting relationships among the studied variables.
7qualitative research
A method of research that produces descriptive (non-numerical) data, reporting relationships among the studied variables.
8replication
Repeating the essence of a research study to observe whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances.
9peer review
The evaluation of scientific or academic work, such as research or articles submitted to journals for publication, by other qualified professionals practicing in the same field.
10falsifiability
The logical possibility that an assertion, hypothesis, or theory can be shown to be false by an observation or experiment.
11generalizability
The extent to which results or findings obtained from a sample are applicable to a broader population.
12social desirability bias
The tendency of participants to give answers that are in accordance with social norms or perceived desires of the researcher rather than representative of their views.