1.2 Language of Anatomy, Anatomical Position, + Body Cavities

cranial - toward the head end or upper part of a structure of the body (above)

caudal - away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body (below)

anterior - toward or at the front of the body (in front of)

posterior - toward or at the back of the body (behind)

toward or at the midline of the body (on the inner side of)

away from the midline of the body (on the outer side of)

between a more medial and a more lateral structure

closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attatchment of a limb to the body trunk

farther from the origin of the body part or the point of attatchment of a limb to the body trunk

external - toward or at the body surface

internal - away from the body surface (more internal)

closing of a joint - "bending"

opening of a joint "straightening"

movement away from the midline

movement towards the midline

flexion superiorly occurring at the subtalar (ankle) joint - movement of the toes "up"

flexion inferiorly occurring at the subtalar (ankle) joint - movement of the toes "down"

lateral movement of the wrist towards the radius

medial movement of the wrist towards the ulna

rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly or rotation of the ankle so the sole of the foot faces larerally

rotation of the forearm so that the plam faces anteriorly or rotation of the ankle so the sole of foot faces medially

upward movement of a structure

Downward movement of a structure

movement of a structure to be drawn in the posterior direction (drawn backward)

movement of a structure to be drawn in the anterior direction (drawn forward)

the reference point of a standard body position; in this position, the body is vertical with feet slightly apart. Like someone standing at attention.
- palms of the hands face upward (in supination)
- thumbs point away from the body
- palms face forward in anatomical position so the forearm (radius and ulna) are uncrossed

makes up the axis of the body and includes the head, neck, and trunk

part of the body that consists of the appendages or limbs that are attached to axis of the body as well as the pelvic and pectoral (shoulder) girdles that serve as a point of attatchment.

named for the plane along which it can be cut

verticle plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections also know as the median plane or midsaggital plane

planes divide the body into anterior and posterior sections, also known as a coronal plane

known as a horizontal plane, runs horizontally from right to left and divides the body into superior and inferior parts; also known as a cross section.

cuts made diagonally between the horizontal and the verticle planes

planes of the body

dorsal and ventral

primarily protects the nervous system organs, which a very fragile

sits in the skull and houses the brain

Runs within the bony vertebral column and encases the spinal cord

posterior view of brain and spinal cord (highlighted in blue) contained within the cranial and spinal cavities

the anterior and the larger of the two cavities
contains the thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity and houses the visceral organs

protected by the ribs and muscles found within the chest

thoracic cavity is further divided into this which each contain a lung and pericardial cavity

surrounds the heart and encloses the thracic organs which are the esophagus and trachea

where the pericardial cavity is located; a subsection of the thoracic cavity situated between the pleural cavities

anterior view of organs within the thoracic cavity

thoracic cavity is divided from the absominopelvic cavity by this; is a dome shaped muscle that is vital to the breathing mechanism

Has two parts, the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

Superior portion; houses the stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver

organs within the abdominal cavity below the diaphragm

Lies in the bony pelvis and houses the bladder, reproductive organs, and the rectum.
This are is very vulnerable to injust due to the walls of the abdominal cavity are formed only by the muscles in the trunk of the body.

Organs within the pelvic cavity, peritoneum highlighted in blue

Walls of the ventral body cavity as well as the outer surface of the organs are covered by this membrane. Lubricated by serous fluid that is secreted by the membrane itself and reduces the friction between the organs as they slide around.

named for the specific cavity they line as well as the organs they line and cover

lines the pericardial cavity and the visceral pericardium which covers the heart.

lines the walls of the thoracic cavity and the visceral pleurae cover the lungs

covers the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity

Covers most of the organs within the abdominopelvic cavity

inflammation when the serous membranes become rough insteadof smooth as the organs now stick togetheras they try to slide past one another

Abdominopelvic regions

surrounds the navel and the umbilical region

above or superior to the umbilical region

located below or inferior to the umbilical region

hypogastric regions that are located beside or lateral to the hypogastric region, the iliac is the superior part of the pelvic bone.

lie beside or lateral to the umbilical region; the right and left hypochondriac regions lie lateral to the epigastic region

lie beside the epigastic region

contains the mouth, teeth, and tongue.

extends all the way from the oral cavity to the anus

located within and posterior to the nose; part of the respiratory tract.

midsagittal view of the oral and nasal cavities

in the skull and houses the eyes

anterior view of the orbital cavities and eyes

in the skull and lie medial to the eardrums,

malleus, incus, and stapes

outer, middle, and inner ear

joint cavities that are enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround freely moveable joints of the body (ex: elbow and knee joints)

articular capsule of the left elbow