FINAL

66 flashcardsby Santiago
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1
What term refers to a government that is based on the consent of its people?
Popular Sovereignty
2
What term refers to the ability of one entity to get another entity to do something they otherwise would not do?
Power
3
What kind of government involves a dominant role of religion in the government?
Theocracy
4
What kind of government involves one sole unit, whether a person, group, or politica party, maintaining complete control over a nation, usually forcibly?
Authoritatianism
5
What kind of government has the people holding authority over who is elected, whether directly or through a proxy?
Democracy
6
What term refers to the act of political decisionmaking by the people directly as opposed to their elected representatives?
Direct Democracy
7
What kind of democracy relies on elected representatives to make laws for them?
Indirect Democracy
8
What term serves as a political device where measures are referred by legislature to voters for approval or disapproval?
Referendum
9
What kind of rights are based on natural law of human society, though not granted by government? (God-given, inalienable)
Natural Rights
10
What term refers to an agreement to form government and abide by its rules and laws?
Social Contract
11
If a candidate polls more votes than any other but does not receive half of the votes cast, what kind of vote is that?
Plurality
12
What term refers to a historically-based, widely-shared belief, feeling, and value about the nature of a political system?
Political Culture
13
What term refers to the right to vote?
Suffrage
14
What term refers to the process by which individuals internalize and develop their political values, ideas, attitudes, and perceptions via the agents of socialization?
Political Socialization
15
What kind of political perspective is long viewed?
Historical Perspectives
16
What kind of political perspective is relating to public opinion?
Popular Perspectives
17
What term refers to how human beings behave in the absence of a civil society?
State of Nature
18
What group of individuals were dissatisfied with the Church of England?
Separatists
19
What phrase served as a rallying cry of many American colonists during the period of British rule in the 1760s and early 1770s?
No Taxation Without Representation
20
What term refers to the concept that five slaves would be counted as the equivalent of three “free persons” for the purposes of taxes and representation?
Three-Fifths Compromise
21
What term refers to the principle that each governmental branch enjoys separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility?
Separation of Powers
22
What term refers to a system of limits imposed by the Constitution that gives each branch of government the limited right to change or cancel acts of other branches?
Checks and Balances
23
How many amendments have been, in total, ratified? Of those, how many exist within the Bill of Rights?
27; 10
24
What is the traditional amendment process?
2/3 Congress vote + 3/4 ratification from the 50 states
25
What kind of constitutional interpretation gives constitutional provisions broad and open-ended meanings?
Loose Construction
26
What kind of constitutional interpretation limits the government to only those powes explicitly stated in the Constitution?
Strict Construction
27
What group favored a stronger, centralized government?
Federalists
28
What term refers to the act of ending a system, and within the context of American history, the system of slavery?
Abolition
29
What amendment abolished slavery?
13th Amendment
30
What amendment granted citizenship to all born or naturalized in the US, including formerly enslaved people?
14th Amendment
31
What amendment granted the right to vote for men regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude?
Fifteenth Amendment
32
What document summarized the colonists’ motivations for seeking independence?
Declaration of Independence
33
What term, proposed by Roger Sherman of Connecticut, unites the New Jersey and Virginia plans of government?
Great Compromise
34
What term refers to the concept that the President was to be chosen not by either Congress or by popular vote?
Electoral College
35
Congress is an example of what? (House + Senate)
Bicameral Legislature
36
What branch of government includes the President and their cabinent members?
Executive Branch
37
What term refers to the constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body?
Veto
38
What term refers to the process of bringing changes against a government official for wrongdoing?
Impeachment
39
What is needed for a President to be impeached?
Majority House vote + 2/3 Senate vote
40
What term refers to the advisors of the President?
Cabinet
41
What term refers to a rule or regulation issued by the President that has the effect of a law, but is not a law?
Executive Order
42
What term refers to an agreement between the US President and another foreign leader?
Executive Agreement
43
How is the electoral vote of a state determined?
Each member of House of Reps + 2 Senators
44
Which amendment states that nobody can serve as President for more than two four-year terms?
22nd Amendment
45
Name another title for the President
Head of State
46
What are the elegibility requirements for Presidency?
35 years old, natural-born citizen, and US residency for at least 14 years prior to seeking office
47
What amendment establishes the concept that a Vice President is to become President if the President is either removed from office via resignation or death?
25th Amendment
48
What term refers to the action of forgiving or being forgiven for an error or offense?
Pardon
49
What term refers to the cancellation or postponement of a punishment?
Reprieve
50
What term refers to specific individual rights that cannot be taken away by government and are guaranteed by the Constitution?
Civil Liberties
51
What term refers to positive rights, whether political, social, or economic, conferred by the government on individuals or groups? (Also known as Equal Rights)
Civil Rights
52
What document was added to the Constitution in 1791, containing the first 10 Amendments?
Bill of Rights
53
What amendment establishes the protection of free speech, religion, assembly, press, and petition, while maintaining that the US has no national religion?
1st Amendment
54
What clause establishes that the US has no national government?
Establishment Clause
55
What principle of the Establishment Clause maintains that the government should have no involvement whatsoever in religious practices?
Separation Principle
56
What principle of the Establishment Clause maintains that the government should be neutral to all religion, treating all religions equally?
Acommodation Principle
57
What clause guarantees the free exercise of religion?
Free Exercise Clause
58
What kind of speech is non-spoken and usually protected by the 1st Amendment?
Symbolic Speech
59
What term refers to the action or crime of making a false spoken statement that is damaging to a person’s reputation?
Slander
60
What term refers to the printing or disseminating of false statements that may harm someone?
Libel
61
What term refers to a document issued by a magistrate, giving an officer authorization to make an arrest, seize property, make a search, or carry a judgment into execution?
Warrant
62
What rule states that all evidence illegally obtained by police in violation of the Bill of Rights be “excluded” from admission in a court of law, where it might assist in convicting the accused?
Exclusionary Rule
63
What law punishes someone for doing something in the past, at a time when the act was not illegal?
Ex Post Facto Law
64
What rule requires officers to give detainees a warning that describes their Constitutional rights when faced with interrogation?
Miranda Rule
65
What constitutional protection states that those accused of a crime cannot be tried twice for the same crime?
Double-Jeopardy
66
What term refers to the punishment of execution, administered to someone legally convicted of a capital crime?
Death Penalty
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