1What type of energy source can be replenished naturally?
Renewable Energy
2Wood is an example of a? (Charcoal and ethanol also examples)
Depletable Renewable
3Wind is an example of a? (Solar and Hydro energy also examples)
Nondepletable Renewable
4What type of energy source exists in fixed amounts and can’t easily be replaced? (Nuclear energy, fossil fuels)
Nonrenewable Energy
5What kinds of nations use more energy per capita and more overall energy?
Developed Nations
6What kinds of nations are still industrializing, with growing populations trying to achieve higher living standards?
Developing Nations
7What’s the most commonly used energy source? Followed by what other two sources?
Fossil fuels; Hydroelectric energy and Nuclear energy
8As developing nations develop, what increases?
Fossil Fuel usage
9What term refers to biomass fuel sources that are easily accessible and often used in developing countries for heating or cooking fuel? (Wood and charcoal good examples)
Subsistence Fuels
10What term refers to partially decomposed organic matter that can be found in wet, acidic ecosystems (like bogs and moors)?
Peat
11How is coal formed?
Peat compacted between sediment laters from overlying rock pressure compacts to coal over time
12What does this describe? (Decaying remains of plants and animals are buried under rock layers and converted by pressure into oil and _______) (Cleanest fossil fuel)
Formation of Natural Gas
13What is extracted by drilling a well through overlying rock layers to reach underground deposits? (also known as Crude Oil)
Petroleum
14What term refers to the method of natural gas extraction in which the cracking of rocks with pressurized water releases natural gas?
Fracking
15What term refers to bitumen deposits in which crude oil can be recovered, only with increased water and energy inputs?
Tar Sands
16What country has the largest tar sands reserve?
Canada
17What does the reaction between oxygen and hydrocarbons (FFs) release energy as?
Heat, Carbon Dioxide and Water
18What’s the #1 source of electricity production globally?
Coal
19What are some consequences of burning coal?
Habitat destruction, GHGs, releases PMs
20How efficient is Coal in producing electricity? And Natural Gas?
30%; 60%
21What term refers to the action of producing heat from electricity generation to provide heat for a building?
Cogeneration
22How efficient are CHPs? (Combined Heat and Power)
90%
23What are some environmental consequences of tar sands?
Habitat destruction, water depletion, water contamination, CO2
24What are some consequences of petroleum?
Oil spill risk, habitat loss
25What are some consequences of fracking?
Risks of well leaks, water depletion, fracking fluid leaks, increased seismic activity
26What term refers to the energy given off by the nucleus of a radioactive isotope?
Radioactivity
27What term refers to the amount taken for a substance to decay?
Half-life
28Is Nuclear Energy renewable?
NO
29What are some consequences of nuclear energy?
Water depletion, mine tailings possible to contaminate water, hot water can cause thermal shock
30What term refers to any type of organic matter (like wood or charcoal) that is used to generate heat through burning?
Biomass
31What term refers to any type of liquid fuel (like ethanol or biodiesel) that is created from biomass?
Biofuels
32Does biomass burning release carbon dioxide?
No
33What’s the difference between modern carbon and fossil carbon?
Modern carbon doesn’t pollute the atmosphere
34CO, NO, PM, and VOC are all kinds of what? (promotes air pollution)
Respiratory Irritants
35What is made from fermenting corn and sugar cane? (then mixed with gasoline)
Ethanol
36What are some consequences of ethanol production?
Soil erosion, habitat loss, GHGs
37What type of solar energy refers to the absorbtion or blockage of heat from the sun without the use of electrical equipment?
Passive Solar Energy
38What type of solar energy refers to the usage of electrical equipment to capture the sun’s heat (or converting solar rays to electricity)?
Active Solar Energy
39What term refers to silicon semiconductors that emit low voltage electrical currents when exposed to the sun? (also known as solar panels)
Photovoltaic Cells
40What are some consequences of using heliostats? (sun mirrors)
Habitat destruction and harm to birds
41What are some drawbacks of rooftop solar panels?
They produce little electricity
42What are some consequences of having large-scale solar farms?
Habitat loss, fragmentation
43How do water turbines generate electricity?
Water spins turbine to generate electricity
44What term refers to the artificial lake created as a result of the creation of a dam?
Reservoir
45What are benefits of natural river currents?
No flooding of ecosystems (unlike dams), doesn’t stop natural flow of sediments
46What are some drawbacks of natural river currents for energy generation?
It doesn’t generate as much energy
47Where does tidal power come from?
Tidal Ocean Flow
48What are some drawbacks of dams?
Prevents fish from swimming upstream, habitat destruction due to reservoir flooding, sediment buildup
49What term refers to the series of pools that migratory fish can use to continue migration upstream around or over dams?
Fish Ladders
50What are some benefits of hydro dams?
No GHGs, tourist attractions, job opportunities, controls downstream seasonal flooding
51How is Geothermal energy created?
Water placed underground, magma heats it, converts to steam which goes in turbine to make energy
52How does geothermal heating differ from ground source heat pumps?
Heating fluids not used
53What are some benefits to geothermal energy?
Could be renewable, less carbon dioxide emissions than FFs
54What are some drawbacks to Geothermal energy?
Inaccesible to some areas, releases toxic gas lethal to humans, high cost of drilling
55How does Hydrogen Fuel Cell energy work?
H2 gas split into protons and electrons, electrons then go to fuel cell’s circuit to generate an electrical current
56What’s a challenge of Hydrogen Fuel Cell energy?
Hydrogen hard to obtain, not found naturally as a gas, separating H2 gas from molecules very energy intensive
57What term refers to the method of burning natural gas and using steam to separate H gas from methane?
Steam Reforming
58What term refers to the process of applying electrical currents to water, separating O2 and H2 respectively?
Electrolysis
59What are some benefits of Hydrogen fuel cell energy?
Can replace gasoline, transportable, 80% efficient
60What are some drawbacks of using hydrogen for energy?
Based on nonrenewable energy source (methane gas)
61How is wind energy generated?
Wind spins turbine, generator converts movement to electricity
62How many homes can the average wind turbine power?
460 homes
63What are some drawbacks of wind energy?
Can kill birds, noise pollutant
64What are some small-scale ways we can conserve energy?
Less AC use, less water use, energy efficient appliances
65What are some large-scale ways we can conserve energy?
Improving fuel efficiency, subsidizing electric vehicles, increasing public transportation
66What term refers to the techniques to take advantage of the sun’s natural heat to lower reliance on heating?
Sustainable Home Design
67What are some techniques to conserve water?
Agriculture, low-flow showers, rain barrels
68What are some techniqes to conserve energy in transportation?
Public transit, improving fuel economy, carpooling
69What term refers to the decreasing of the amount of energy needed to build larger buildings to heat/cool them?
Sustainable Building Design
70What are some examples of Sustainable Building Design?
Green roofs, sun roofs, using recycled materials
71What is referred to as peak demand?
Time of day/year when electricity demand is highest