Chapter 4

What term refers to the specific individual rights that cannot be taken away by government, thus guaranteed by the Constitution? (Ex: Freedom of Speech)

What term refers to the positive rights, whether political, social, or economic, conferred by the government on individuals or groups? (Sometimes called equal rights)

What term refers to the rights based on natural law of human society, not granted by government? (God-given, inalienable)

What term refers to the rights granted by the authority of the government, thus shaped and possibly changed by them?

What was added in 1791 to the US Constitution as protection against potential tyranny of the majority?

What did colonists then fear?

What was passed in 1868 to protect freed slaves from discriminatory state laws?

What term refers to the view that most of the protections of the Bill of Rights apply to state governments through the 14th Amendment’s due process clause?

What amendment states that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion? (Freedom of Religion)

What term refers to the institutionalized concept that there should exist a separation of church and state, establishing a clause for the lack of a national religion?

What principle of the Establishment Clause states that government should have no involvement whatsoever in religious practices?

What principle of the Establishment Clause states that government should remain neutral to all religions, thus treating them all equally?

What concept, part of the Establishment Clause, explains practices that have been a part of political and public life for generations, thus being generally allowed by the Supreme Court to continue? (Ex: “In God We Trust” on US currency)

What clause guarantees the free exercise of religion, though restrained when such religious practiced interfere with public policy?

What are these theories explaining as it pertains to respect of free speech? (Self-governance, self-fulfillment, etc)

What theory explains the role free expression plays in preventing violence?

What concept is the government required to follow through so that a story may be approved before it can be published (speech)?

What term refers to the non-spoken forms of speech that might be protected by the 1st Amendment? (Ex: Flag-burning)

What term refers to the action or crime of making a false spoken statement damaging to a person’s reputation?

What term refers to the form of expression that is meant to incite hatred against a group or class of people on the basis of a marginalized criteria?

What term refers to the printing or disseminating of false statements to harm someone?

What term refers to the rights of a defendant to a fair trial superseding the rights of the public to “attend” the trial?

What is no longer limited to print media, given that it has advanced?

What famous court case argued for the rights of women to have the ability to abort?

What term refers to the practice of sending a foreign criminal or terrorist suspect secretly to be interrogated in a country with less rigorous regulations for the humane treatment of prisoners?

What act allows internet service providers to disclose customer records voluntarily to the government in emergencies involving risk of death or serious physical injury?

What amendment established that police couldn’t search, seize, or arrest an individual without a warrant (unless probable cause)?

What issue in New York exists as a controversial police tactic that allows law enforcement to stop and search individuals they suspect may be involved in criminal activity? (Racial bias?)

What term refers to a document issued by a magistrate, giving an officer authorization to make an arrest, seize property, make a search, or carry a judgment into execution?

What legal rule requires all evidence illegally obtained by police in violation of the Bill of Rights be excluded from admission in a court of law, where it might assist in convicting the accused?

What law punishes someone for doing something in the past, at a time when the act was not illegal?

What amendment forbids the coercion of a confession or the act of compulsory self-incrimination?

What amendment establishes a legal counsel, informing the accused of their charges, a speedy and public trial, as well as an impartial jury?

What amendment established a reasonable bail and forbade cruel and unusual punishment?

What rule states that a person has the right to remain silent, with any potential statements may be used against them, and that they have the right to an attorney?

What term refers to the act of clearing someone of an accusation, freeing them from guilt or blame?

What term refers to the punishment of execution, administered to someone legally convicted of a capital crime?

What constitutional protection states that those accused of a crime cannot be tried twice for the same crime?