Unit 4

What term refers to a deviation from social norms? (anything unacceptable in a society)

What is a strength of the definition for abnormality?

What are some weaknesses of the definition for abnormality?

What study, conducted in 1989, studied abnormality as inadequate functioning, by using 7 criteria?

What are the following examples of? (Suffering, Maladaptive, Unconventional, Unpredictable, Irrationality, Observer Disconfort, and Violation of moral standards)

What study proposed that abnormality is a spectrum?

What study, conducted in 1958, defined abnormality as a deviation from ideal mental health?

What are these examples of? (Efficient self-perception, Realistic self-esteem, Voluntary control of behavior, Accurate perception of the world, Positive relationships, and productivity)

What definition of abnormality requires thresholds we use to consider behavior to be unusual (p < 0.01 rarer than 1 case out of 100)

What definition of abnormality depends on a classification system like the DSM?

What kind of relationship does validity and reliability have?

What method of testing reliability is prone to artificiality as watching an interview is not same as natural interaction?

What method of testing reliability is limited by the amount of time needed for interview method to be feasible?

What study, conducted in 1962, used the DSM-1 with 54% reliability in diagnosis?

What study, conducted in 1993, used the DSM-3 for excellent reliability for diagnosis phobias and OCD but not for Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

What does reliability refer to?

What study, conducted in 2015, theorized modern studies of reliability are more rigorous with a decline in reliability with the DSM-5?

What study, conducted in 1973, casted doubts on the ability for psychiatrists to accurately diagnose subjects? (Sent mentally healthy subjects to gain admission to hospitals)

What occurred in Rosenhan’s follow-up study? What were the results?

What study, conducted in 1993, found thst theoretical orientation of clinicians influences their diagnosis?

What study, conducted in 1994, found that culture impacts symptom reporting, with 152 female participants?

What term refers to the reporting of psychological problems as physical ailments?

What study, conducted in 1985, found that somatization is more common in certain groups, preventing accurate reporting of symptoms?

What was recognized as soon as the beginning of the DSM-4 only in specific cultures?

What study, conducted in 2006, studied Swedish twins with the Falconer model using telephone interviews to diagnose hereditability of depression?

What was the percent of hereditability of depression found in Kendler (2006)?

What study, conducted in 1967, hypothesized that cognitive factors are the primary cause for depression?

What term refers to the negative beliefs about your self, the world, and the future?

What term refers to the distortion that causes yourself to see everything as your fault?

What longitudinal study, conducted in 1999, used surveys and interviews on non-depressed college freshmen, which found that cognitive styles contribute to Major Depressive Disorder?

In the high-risk depression group of Alloy, Abramson, and Francis (1999), how much more were they more likely to develop MDD and suicidal thoughts on the cause of their negative thinking?

What study, conducted in 2007, studied 43 participants looking at pairs of images, which found that depression is associated with attention bias, in other words, the focus on negative stimuli?

What longitudinal study, conducted in 1996, used criteria from the DSM-3, which found that social factors like poor relationships with spouse, loss of a parent while young, or alcoholic problems, influenced depression in the elderly?

What study, conducted in 2011, found that depression may spread through social networks? (93% likelihood if friends with depressed, 43% if friend has a depressed friend, and so on)

What study, conducted in 1952, found that therapy does not work with 67% of participants recovering? (Bad methodology so unreliable)

What study, conducted in 1977, found that therapy DOES work, with the typical client being healthier than 75% of untreated individuals?

What study, conducted in 2007, found that the effectiveness of therapy is comparable to established medical procedures?

What study, conducted in 1996, found that individual components of Cognitive Behavioral Therapt are just as effective as all components through patients with MDD?

What component of CBT exposes patients to actual therapy?

What component of CBR alters your way of perception?

What component of CBT alters your way of thinking?

What kind of treatment assumes there is a chemical imbalance?

What longitunidal study, from 2004-2007, used 439 participants with 3 experiment groups, 1 control group, each with an SSRI, CBT, or combo?

What were the results of the TADS (2004-2007)?

What study, conducted in 2002, found that 82% of antidepressant effects were duplicated by the placebo?

What kind of treatment assumes the cause is irrational automatic thinking?

What study, conducted in 2005, found that CBT had longer lasting effects than meds, with 31% of relapse rate on CBT?

What study, conducted in 2004, studied brain changes in depression patients by using PET scans? (CBT and medicine both changed the brain in different ways)

What kind of perspective explores how culture impacts the effectiveness of treatments?

What study, conducted in 1987, found that patients may not adhere to treatments that interfere with cultural beliefs? (cultural stigma against antidepressants, but doctor-patient discussion caused rates of compliance to go up)

What study, conducted in 2012, srudied deceiping culturally-sensitive CBT programs by changing how things are spoken and presented?

What meta-analysys study, conducted in 2006, found that cultural adaptation increases effectiveness of treatments?

What becomes more effective if done in the client’s native language?