Unit 1

Why were many unethical experiments performed in the 50s-70s, funded by the US government?

Who wanted to teach dolphins English? (Margaret Lovatt and Peter the Dolphin involved)

What did the Peter the Dolphin study show?

What theory states that certain areas of the brain are responsible for certain psychological functions?

What kind of localization shows that functions can be clearly mapped on the brain?

What kind of localization shows that one area of the brain corresponds to a function, though other areas are involved as well?

What kind of localization shows that the function cannot be localized anywhere in the brain?

What scientist analyzed a case study where a patient lost the ability to speak and write, though they could comprehend language?

What term refers to the loss of articulated speech?

What area of the brain, named after Paul Broca, was shown to be lesioned in the case study Paul Broca analyzed? (Loss of articulated speech)

Who discovered the area responsible for language comprehension?

What’s the name of the area of the brain responsible for language comprehension?

What term refers to the loss of language comprehension?

Who used neural stimulation (electrodes) to map the somatosensory and somatomotor cortex?

Who gave brain damage to rats to see how it affected their ability to complete puzzles, showing that the location of the lesion wasn’t important but how much of the cortex was destroyed did?

What term refers to the ability to complete tasks, which depends on how much of your cerebral cortex you have?

What term refers to the concept that one part of your cortex can take over for a damaged part and perform its functions?

Who used sea slugs to study human memory, showing that the chemical structure of our synapses can change and that short-term and long-term memories are formed by different signals?

What kinds of memories do you have to work to remember?

What kinds of memories can you remember automatically?

Who lost their ability to remember most old memories and form new memories due to a virus that damaged their hippocampus? (Showed that memory is implicit)

What term refers to the ability of the brain to change itself in response to environmental demands, which decreases with age?

What type of neuroplasticity occurs in the cerebral cortex?

What type of neuroplasticity occurs in individual neurons?

What study, conducted in 1984, studied cortical remapping in owl monkeys, in which they mapped sensory inputs from their fingers on the cortex using electrodes?

What study, conducted in 2004, studied how learning to juggle affected the brain, showing that learning causes physical changes in the brain (through grey matter)?

What kind of scans were used in the Draganski et al (2004) study?

If learning is stopped for a prolonged period of time, what will you lose?

What study, conducted in 2000, used 2 pre-existing groups (quasi-experiment) to show how taxi drivers had more grey matter in their posterior hippocampus than their anterior hippocampus?

What side of the hippocampus is linked to the usage of previously-learned spatial information?

What side of the hippocampus is linked with learning new spatial information?

What term refers to the chemicals that are passed from one neuron to the other through the synapse?

What kind of chemical enhances the effects of a neurotransmitter?

What’s the name of the most common antidepressant drugs? (They increase the concentration of serotonin in the synapse)

What chemical inhibits/prevents the effects of a neurotransmitter?

What study, conducted in 2010, studied how serotonin effects behavior, in which they administered SSRIs to an experiment group and subjected to the trolley problem?

What did Crockett (2010) show?

What experiment, conducted in 2001, studied how dopamine treats Parkinson’s, showing a reduction in symptoms with increased levels of dopamine?

What scan was used in Freed (2001)?

What study, conducted in 2005, studied the roles of dopamine in romantic love?

Why is neurotransmitter research sometimes faulty?

What term refers to the pulses of energy that are emitted by oxygenated blood when they’re placed in an external magnetic field?

What types of scans are BOLD signals used in?

What term refers to the smallest unit of space that is discernable in a brain scan?

What scan has the worst spatial resolution?

What term refers to the smallest time period in which a brain scan can register changes in the brain?

Which scan has the worst temporal resolution?

What system in your body is responsible for the glands in your body that store hormones?

What term refers to the ability of scientists to deactivate a gene within an organism?

What hormone is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland? (Important for social interaction and sexual reproduction)

What study, conducted in 2000, studied the relations between oxytocin and social familiarity?

What did Ferguson (2000) show?

What study, conducted in 2012, studied how oxytocin affects infidelity?

What did Scheele (2012) show?

What term refers to a chemical messenger that communicates information, such as fertility or sexual attractiveness? (Found in sweat, urine, and sexual fluids in humans)

What chemical substance is hypothesized to be a human pheromone? (Ex: Androstadienone (AND) and Estratetraenol (EST))

What vestigial organ that humans possess is used by other mammals in context to pheromones?

What study, conducted in 2005, studied the effects of AND on human attraction, showing that AND might signal sexual attractiveness?

What study, conducted in 2017, found an opposite conclusion to that of Lundstrom and Olsson (2005), in which AND and EST had no effect on attraction?

What study, conducted in 1998, studied a lab-made human pheromone and how it affected attraction?

What did the Cutler, Friedman, and McCoy (1998) study suggest?

Why is studying pheromones unreliable?

What term refers to how a trait is coded in DNA? (BRCA gene mutation)

What term refers to how a genotype manifests itself in an organism?

What term refers to twins that share 100% of their genotype? (Identical twins)

What term refers to twins that share 50% of their genotype? (Fraternal twins)

What model is used to estimate heritability of a trait using observed similarities between monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins? (A (genes) + C (shared environmenr) + E (individual environment) = 1 (variation in phenotype)

What meta study (study of a study), conducted in 1981, studied intelligence and genetics in which, according to the Falconer Model, 54% of intelligence is inherited?

What study, conducted in 2001, studied how depression is linked to the 5-HTT gene?

What type of study is Caspi et al (2001)? (Follows individuals over a long period of time)

What did Caspi et al (2001) show?

What term refers to the study of how the environment can affect our genes?

What term refers to chemicals that suppress gene expression?

What study, conducted in 2004, studied stress in rats?

What did Weaver et al (2004) show?

What term refers to the process of changing to better suit demands of the environment?

What psychological term refers to the assumption that the mind has evolved to serve survival-related functions?

What study, conducted in 2004, studied disgust in humans and how it could stem from an evolutionary defense response against disease? (weakens as you age)

How was Curtis, Aunger, and Rabie (2004) conducted?

What did Curtis, Aunger, and Rabie (2004) show?

Why is evolutionary psychology limited?