Chapter 4

What term refers to the central nervous system’s physiological and emotional response to a serious threat?

What term refers to the central nervous system’s physiological and emotional response to a vague sense of threat?

What disorder is marked by the persistent and excessive feeling of anxiety and worry about numerous events and activities? (Affects 4% of US population; 2:1 ratio of women to men)

What perspective claims GAD is most likely to develop in people faced with dangerous ongoing social conditions? (Societal stressors include poverty, race, ethnicity, food insecurity, etc)

Which anxiety disorder is most common among young children, characterized by feelings of extreme anxiety and panic when separated from key people in their lives?

What psychodynamic theorist theorized that all children experience some form of anxiety?

Who, including Sigmund Freud, agree that GAD can be traced to early parent-child relationships?

What are the following an example of? (Free association, interpretations of transference and control)

What perspectice claims GAD arises when people stop looking at themselves honestly and acceptingly?

What kind of therapy, used as a Humanistic treatment approach, involves clinicians trying to help clients by being accepting and conveying genuineness and empathy?

What perspective claims that GAD is caused by problematic behaviors and dysfunctional thinking?

What theory states that the assumptions in GAD are the individual’s worry about the act of worrying (otherwise known as metaworry)?

What theory states that individuals worry in an effort to find correct solutions to negative events, regardless of the probability?

What theory states that worrying serves a positive function for those with GAD?

What perspective states GAD is caused by biological factors such as brain circuits?

What medicine produces anxiety relief? (Alprazolam, Lorazepam, and Diazepam)

What medicine produced relaxing effects, otherwise known as a sedative?

What medicine increases serotonin and norepinephrine activity?

What medicine is used to treat psychosis and schizophrenia?

What kind of fear is more intense, persistent, and creates a distress that interferes with functioning?

What kinds of phobias are characterized by a marked, persistent, and disproportionate fear of a particular object, causing immense distress and avoidance with exposure? (9% of US experiences, 2:1 Women to Men ratio)

What kind of phobia is characterized by a pronounced fear of inescapable social situations, with symptoms including panic attacks? (1% of US population)

How are fears learned?

What explanation explains phobias as protective mechanisms derived from evolutionary processes? (Preparedness; Species-specific predisposition)

What treatments for specific phobias involve frequent contact from the patient with the feared object/situation?

What disorder is characterized by a pronounced, repeated anxiety about social situations in which the individual could be exposed to scrutiny by others? (7% of US population, begins in late childhood or adolescence into adulthood)

What perspective theorized social anxiety disorder is caused by cognitive and behavioral factors such as parent-child interactions, childhood experiences and trait tendencies?

What two factors are addressed by the treatments for social anxiety disorders?

What term refers to the periodic, short bouts of panic that occur suddenly, peak within minutes, and gradually pass? (Features sweating, dizziness, trembling, etc)

What perspectives theorizes that panic disorders are caused by abnormal norepinephrine activity and inherited abnormality?

What kind of medicine is Xanax classified as?

What perspective explains panic disorders as a misinterpretation of bodily sensations as signs of medical catastrophe?

What procedure is used to produce panic and assess panic disorders?

What kind of therapy focuses on the nature of panic attacks to teach skills for coping with anxiety?

What term refers to the persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses, or images that seem to invade a person’s consciousness?

What term refers to the repetitive and rigid behaviors or mental acts that people feel they must perform to prevent or reduce anxiety?

What disorder is denoted by the occurrence of repeated obsessions and compulsions, causing significant distress or impairment? (1.2% of world population, begins in childhood or young adulthood with fluctuating severity)

What perspective theorizes that OCD is a battle between the defense mechanisms of the ego and the id?

What perspective theorizes OCD grows from the human tendency to have unwanted, intrusive, unpleasant thoughts?

What perspective theorizes that the brain circuit is hyperactive in people with OCD, resulting in abnormal serotonin activity, for example?

What medicine is used to treat OCD by enhancing serotonin? (Antidepressant)

Name a brand of Clomipramine

What biological treatments exist for OCD?

What are these disorders examples of? (Hoarding disorder, Trichotillomania, Excoriation and Body Dysmorphia)

What obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by hair pulling?

What obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by skin picking?