english words final

Help humans understand how the world is at its present

Studied for its content/customs, a story that tells a lesson, orally told

Don't always teach a lesson
Explain the natural earthly phenomenon
Includes supernaturals
Creation myths
Explains how everything began

Pathos- Emotion: empathy, sympathy, pity, anger, love, fear, etc.
Ethos- Ethics: perceived, intellect, authority, etc. (credibility)
Logos- Logistics: data, stats, calculations, science, etc.

overall perspective from which one sees and interprets the world
Ex) Evolutionism, Creationism, and the Big Bang Theory

explain how the universe, earth, and life began, phenomena, customs, institutions, or religious rites, passed through generations, supernatural elements, expresses moral values,

Culture heroes (Show how to do what is right + how to become the people we are, Shape the world through the theft of sun, fire, or water, Often divine at birth)
Trickster heroes (Provide for disorder/change, provide for the possibility of change, remind us that culture is artificial, enable us to see the underside of life)

taking action to bring about social or political change toward a perceived greater good

Alignment in the syntax of a sentence

structures

word choice

evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture or worldview

A denomination of Christianity that thinks that only a few people are unknowingly chosen for salvation and everyone else is dammed
Heaven and hell
Golden rule: Do to others what you want them to do to you

A monotheistic religion where it’s believed that if moral codes are violated you will receive misfortune. Their creator deity is Ahone.
Believe in unending singing and dancing while going on a path to the sun in the afterlife.
Golden rule: “All things are our relatives; what we do to everything, we do to ourselves. All is really one.”

They believe in Samsara, the existence of a soul, and Nirvana. Nirvana is the belief that one’s soul can break out of the Samsara and experience true rest.
Reaching Nirvana is the golden rule

Allah is the one and only god, they believe in the Holy Books and label Abraham, Adam, Moses, David, and Jesus (different name) as prophets. The final prophet is said to be Muhammad.
They believe in Judgement Day which determines the salvation or damnation of humanity and heaven and hell.
Treat others the way you want to be treated

Henotheistic religion - worship of supreme god while acknowledging other deities
There’s a caste system where whatever class you’re born into, you stay in that class for the rest of your life. They believe in the soul and the idea of reincarnation into any kind of living being, including animals and plants.
Karma: every action has a consequence to it

Their holy scriptures are the Torah and the Tenakh. They are a monotheistic religion based on God’s laws for daily life.
Love your neighbors as you love yourself

The narrator only describes the thoughts and feelings of one or a few character

The narrator describes the thoughts and feelings of most or all of the characters

Asking a question but answering yourself
Ethos pathos logos are rhetorical appeals

How something is made persuasive; How is a speech made effective

Repeats “brothers” in each paragraph: Is a poetic device of repetition
“We are friends”: Pathos
Pathos: emphasizes the shared heritage and common struggles of the tribes, urging them to come together as one family under the Great Spirit
Has a lot of logos :“Children of the Great Spirit”
Powerful call for unity among Native American tribes against the encroaching white settlers

the satirical poem that critiques the choices for others' attitudes of white settlers toward Native Americans
highlights the irony of white people's eagerness to "help" and "civilize" Native Americans while often exploiting and disregarding their true needs and desires

provides a detailed account of the early English colonization efforts in North America: focusing on the Jamestown settlement (Diet was bad & Building colony = hard)
Interactions with the Indigenous peoples: Attacked Jamestown (Smith got captured)
Pocahontas saves Smith (Made peace together)
Some whites tried to kill him
Pocahontas would bring food: Was the reason why he and others survived

Food, shelter, cltohing, fuel

Walden (ch.1 economy) and Where I lived, and What I lived for

Nature

Emotion > Reason
Gothicism & the Unknown
Personification
Self Reflection
Impluse towards reform

Compares their love with nature
Nature is something that they highly value so that means their love is very important and powerful

Compares her love for her husband with the value of wealth and the extremity of passion
Shows how they value riches and wealth a lot

Writing style: informative, first-person, formal, descriptive
Imagery:
Visual of crowded space
The smell of a terrible odor
The sound of people being flogged or cut and groaning in pain
Uses imagery, pathos, and diction to evoke empathy from the reader
Image of cruel conditions
Emotional appeal through their suffering and emotional turmoil
Word choice for how he addresses people

Seneca belief system:
Believed that there is a creator that they should obey
They valued love, peace, friendliness, freedom of religion
They might have condemned greediness, betrayal, no freedom

God creates light and divides it from darkness
God separated the water and the sky and created dry land
Earth and seas created, Creates plant life after, Creates animal life and marine life, Creates a bright light for day and a weaker light and stars for the night, God creates Man
The serpent tempts Eve into eating the forbidden fruit by saying that she’ll be able to become like God
God found out and was angry with the serpent and punished Adam and Eve by casting them out of the garden and making it hard for them to grow plants

Iroquois creation story
In the beginning = there was no land no creatures no men
But as a great ocean
Husband of a pregnant woman tries to get some roots for his wife
A hole forms and the woman falls through it when trying to inspect it out of curiosity
A great sea turtle receives the woman on its back when birds who caught her wanted to put her somewhere
Right-handed called “He Holds Up The Skies” “Master of Life,” and “Great Creator”
Left-handed called “Flint,” the devious one, “Old Warty”

Imagery of fire to evoke fear
It’s a sermon that is telling people that they are to suffer in hell unless they choose to become Christians and serve God

The Statue of Liberty symbolism in this
hope, compassion, and peace for immigrants and refugees

shown in third-person omniscient

third person limited view

Speaker
Occasion
Audience
Purpose
Subject
Tone

Case Name/Caption (blank v blank)
Procedural History (how the case got brought up)
Facts of the Case (up until the case was filed)
Issue (What is the legal issue of the case)
Holding (what you want to happen)
Rule (the legal question that has been answered)
Reasoning (why? Putting down evidence)

Plaintiff & Defendant

is when a judge or justice agrees with the majority's decision in a case, but for different reasons

is when a judge or justice disagrees with the majority's decision and reasoning

Opening statement (introduction)
The prosecution presents the case (presents witness and evidence)
The defense presents the case (witness testify)
Closing arguments
The jury makes a decision
Ruling

1 chief justice (8 other members) 9 total
Body of government that is referenced in the Federalist Papers today
Rule of 4 (4 most votes to listen to a case)

Alexander Hamilton (wrote 51)
John Jay (wrote 5)
James Madison (wrote 29)
Thomas Jefferson (Drafters/wrote the constitution)
Thomas Paine (wrote the common sense)
Phillis Wheatly (She was born free but kidnapped and sold as a slave to the Wheatly family.)

Anti-Federalists - opposed ratification of the constitution and believed in smaller central government
Federalism - Voted for the ratification of the constitution and believed in a strong central government

Why a republic is the way America should be run

“Union is Best To Combat Factions”
Stronger central government: protects the union against attack, rebellion, & corruption
Rebellion is resolved quickly
Majority can take care of minority abuses & corruption
States remain united, then all the states are powerful
Danger of Factions

“Republics Prevent Factions From Bullying Minority Groups”
“The Madisonian Dilemma” (about factions and how to guard them)
How to reconcile citizens with different ideas
Suggests that a representative republic is effective against partisanship & factionalism
Shows an exploit rejection by the Founding father of the principles of direct democracy & factionalism

“The Three branches should overlap”
Despotism = when the same hands control the 3 branches of government
ONLY OVERLAP SLIGHTLY
Departments should not be far enough to not work together
Prime Ex) of Checks and Balances: Judicial Review = judicial branch’s power to view past laws to see if it is constitutional or not

“Structure of Government must furnish proper checks and balances”
CHECKS AND BALANCES grants freedom and liberty
Judges are an exception because they must be independent from the 2 branches in order to make unbiased decisions
"If men were angels, no need for government"
The Constitution protects the weak parts or weak states

Publius (came from a Roman Patriot, Valerius Publicola)

to make a constitution

To try and convince others to support the ratification of the constitution

speech on the 76th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence
However, he did not use this occasion to celebrate; instead, he used it to remind the Americans of continued enslavement and the hypocrisy of the DOI
Frederick himself was a former slave who escaped slavery
He connects deeply with the enslaved people and is more passionate about this topic
Juneteenth connects to themes in this speech because unlike the DOI, juneteenth significances a real date when enslaved Africans were set free

Played a roled in the American Revolution
Famous line: “Give me liberty or give me death!”
Speech to the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1775 against British taxation
Uses parallelism
Emphasizes to break off from Britain
That the colonists must fight and stand for their freedom and liberty
War is inevitable

Declaration of Independence from the Britain written by Jefferson

Romanticism

Nonconformity, Self-reliance/individualism, free thought, confidence, nature

considered the father or pioneer of Transcendentalism
Emerson claims that a child can best comprehend nature
Raised by women since his father died
He became an abolitionist vocally in 1844
Works: Nature (deep appreciation for nature)

Thoreau’s mentor was Ralph Waldo Emerson
Works: Walden in 1854
Thoreau lives in the woods, Thoreau’s negative thoughts about nature slowly fades away.
The only way to live is to be living in the moment.
Thoreau lived at Walden Pond for 2 years, 2 months, 2 days
Works: Where I Lived and What I Lived For
he wants to simplify, he is comfortable living alone in a shack. He also regards society in a very harsh tone.

nature

The Age of Reason/Enlightenment is the age that preceded the Romantic/Transcendentalist movement

unstressed, stressed

stressed, unstressed

stressed, stressed

unstressed, unstressed

unstressed, unstressed, stressed

stressed, unstressed, unstressed

Henry David Thoreau

The name of the person the narrator lost is Lenore
A man grieving the loss of his wife Lenore which caused him to go mad
The only thing the Raven ever says is Nevermore; means that nothing can change the speaker’s loss og to move on from his wife
The Raven stands on top of the Pallas and the raven stands on top of Pallas to threaten the narrator's sanity
The theme of “The Raven” is grief and sanity

Theme of the story is revenge and it was written in the end of Poes life
Them bickering back and forth is a double entendres
Double entendres means to have a double meaning
moral = is actions have consequence
The object depicted on the crest are a foot being bitten by a snake
Fortunato is a fool who does not care

About a man who mourns his dead wife Annabel Lee
The narrator blames these winged creatures for the death of his loved one which are seraphs
Sepulcher is the place you could be put in when you die
The sea represents peacefulness
There are lots of alliteration, repetition, and anaphora

The disease theorize the Red Death is based off of the bubonic plague or tuberculosis
The symbol for hiding from the plague is the masks at the masquerade
The symbol for the stages of life or the symbol for the 7 deadly sins
Each of the seven rooms
The message of the story is how one cannot escape death
Death is like a thief in the night and is ultimately inevitable

mother died from tuberculosis, bad relation with father, foster mother died from tuberculosis, his wife Virgina died from tubercluosis, got kicked out of his first university
left his second university
Left west point
he died alone and poor at the age of 40

Death
Horror
Supernatural
Dark setting
Romance
Emotional extremes

Are supernatural beings

Horror and Romanticism

actively expressed hostility or opposition

before the flood; extremely primitive or outmoded

lacking adult sophistication

a hypocritical or sanctimonious talk

difficult or irritating to deal with

to cut off the head of

to reduce drastically

to throw into disorder or confusion

lasting a short time

having no luck

suffering from extreme poverty

occurring naturally in a particular environment

to hang or move in a loose or lazy manner

an easy gait capable of being maintained

superior to all others

prior in time, order, arrangement, or significance

of, relating to, or constituting a precedent

a principal female singer in an opera or concert organization -a vain or undisciplined person who finds it difficult to work with others

adherence to the highest principles and ideals

a group of retainers or attendants

deviation from the common rule

settled aversion or dislike

conforming to a general rule or acceptable procedure

to surrender often after negotiation of terms

the Ten Commandments -a basic set of rules carrying binding authority

-marked by propriety and good taste

propriety and good taste in conduct or appearance

to inscribe on a surface

one retired from professional life but who retains as an honorary title the last position held

to leave one’s country to live elsewhere

interchangeable, flexible

one that makes, repairs, alters, or cleans fur garments

to observe formally the beginning of

causing little or no pain -averse to activity, effort, or movement

incapable of being subdued

full of excessive talk; wordy

mournful or dismal

a persistent disturbing preoccupation with an often unreasonable idea or feeling

cause an event or situation typically bad to happen suddenly, unexpectedly, or prematurely

to show devoted honor to

to bring to a state of peace or quiet

exaggeration by means of distortion

to describe or portray with accuracy or in detail

to advance beyond the usual or proper limits

to approve openly or recommend

a noticeable mistake

to irritate or vex

drunkenness

incapable of being expressed

lewd, lustful

-a clumsy person

to put to death by mob action without legal sanction

a powerful, often violent whirlpool

arousing or deserving hatred or repugnance

to look at especially with greedy or especially interested attention

feeding on both animal and vegetable substances

a difficult, perplexing, or trying situation

foreknowledge of events

a small stream

a deceptive device or stratagem