1What characterizes Impressionism in music?
Tone color, atmosphere, fluidity, and capturing “fleeting moments”
2What musical feature often obscures major/minor harmony in Impressionism?
Use of new scales
3What does Expressionism in music depict?
Intense inner feelings such as anxiety, grief, fear, and outrage
4What is Expressionist music meant to do?
Deliberately shock the audience
5Expressionism is associated with what musical system?
Atonal / 12-tone music
6What melodic feature is common in Expressionism?
Wide, angular leaps
7What characterizes Primitivism in music?
Repetitive rhythms, harsh dissonances, and percussive sounds
8What inspired musical Primitivism?
“Primitive” cultures
9Which piece caused riots at its 1913 premiere?
The Rite of Spring
10What is Neoclassicism based on?
Forms of classical and baroque music
11How does Neoclassicism sound?
Modern, with emotional restraint, balance, and clarity
12Are Neoclassical works often tonal?
Yes, they often use major and minor scales
13What does Jazz blend?
Elements of several cultures
14What is strongly used in Jazz?
Improvisation
15What did Jazz evolve from and into?
From dance music to a serious art form
16Name notable Jazz styles.
Swing, bebop, cool
17What defines Minimalism?
Repetitive pulses, chords, and melodies
18What technology was used in early Minimalist works?
Tape loops
19What does Minimalism eliminate?
All non-essential musical features
20What is Experimental music?
An umbrella term for chance music, prepared piano, and graphic notation
21What does Experimental music prioritize?
Unusual sounds and uncertainty
22What is unique about performances of Experimental music pieces?
Each performance can be completely different
23What is chance (aleatory) music?
Music created by random selection of musical elements
24What is a microtone?
An interval smaller than a half step
25What is a prepared piano?
A piano altered by placing objects between its strings
26What is Sprechstimme?
A vocal style halfway between speaking and singing
27What is a pentatonic scale?
A five-tone scale that sounds major and minor
28What is a whole-tone scale?
A six-tone scale using only whole steps with no sense of tonality
29What is minimalist music?
Music using minimal musical materials
30What is the twelve-tone system?
A composition method using all 12 chromatic tones in a set order
31Claude Debussy is associated with which style?
Impressionism
32George Crumb is associated with which style?
Experimental
33Philip Glass is associated with which style?
American pop-influenced Minimalism
34Igor Stravinsky is associated with which styles?
Primitivism and Neoclassicism
35Arnold Schoenberg is associated with which style?
Atonality / 12-tone
36Sergei Prokofiev is associated with which style?
Neoclassicism
37Steve Reich is associated with which style?
Minimalism
38John Cage is associated with which style?
Experimental