All cards
1
What types of commercial energy does the world depend on? Examples of these?
carbon-containing fossil fuels
- oil
- natural gas
- coal
- oil
- natural gas
- coal
2
What percent of commercial energy used worldwide comes from non-renewable fossil fuels?
90%
3
What is net energy production
Net energy yield (or gain) = the total amount of energy available - the energy needed to make it available
high = best bang for your buck
high = best bang for your buck
4
what is the most widely used energy source? what fraction does it make up?
oil, 1/3
5
what are the different types of oil
- crude oil/petroleum
- conventional oil - pumped using traditional techiques
- unconventional oil - oil extracted from substrate using specialized processes
- conventional oil - pumped using traditional techiques
- unconventional oil - oil extracted from substrate using specialized processes
6
who has the world's oil supplies - the group
opex (organization of petroulem exporting countries) make up 80%
12 countries, not including canada
12 countries, not including canada
7
advantages and disadvantages of conventional oil
8
what is oil sand
Oil sand - mixture of clay, sand, water, and a combustible organic material
called bitumen (a thick and sticky heavy oil with a high sulphur content)
unconventional oil
called bitumen (a thick and sticky heavy oil with a high sulphur content)
unconventional oil
9
advantages and disadvantages of heavy oils from sand
10
what is natural gas (what it's made of and how it's formed)
• Consists primarily of methane (CH4)
• Formed from fossil deposits for millions of years and subjected to high
temperatures and pressures.
• Formed from fossil deposits for millions of years and subjected to high
temperatures and pressures.
11
types of natural gas
• Conventional natural gas lies above most reservoirs of crude oil
• Unconventional natural gas is found in other underground sources (e.g.
shale gas trapped in fine-grain sedimentary rocks) (FRACKING)
• Unconventional natural gas is found in other underground sources (e.g.
shale gas trapped in fine-grain sedimentary rocks) (FRACKING)
12
what are the advantages and disadvantages of natural gas / fracking
WATER POLLUTION
- pump water into deposits, break up rock, releases gas
- leeching of contaminated water, dumping
- sinkholes
- pump water into deposits, break up rock, releases gas
- leeching of contaminated water, dumping
- sinkholes
13
how long will the world's natural gas reserves last?
62-125 yrs
14
what is coal
• a solid fossil that consists mostly of carbon (plus sulphur, mercury
and radioactive material)
• Formation takes millions of years
and radioactive material)
• Formation takes millions of years
15
how is coal extracted
surface or subsurface mining
16
what is the most abundant fuel? how many years of it left>
coal, 10x more than oil and natural gas combined
200-1000 yrs
200-1000 yrs
17
advantages and disadvantages of coal
18
advantages and disadvantages of nuclear
19
types of renewable energy
1. Solar
2. Flowing water
3. Wind
4. Biomass (plant materials
and animal wastes)
5. Geothermal
6. Hydrog
2. Flowing water
3. Wind
4. Biomass (plant materials
and animal wastes)
5. Geothermal
6. Hydrog
20
advantages and disadvantages of wind power
21
advantages and disadvantages of hydropower