Chapter 44 Pharm

block the reabsorption of sodium and chloride
impact fluid volume, electrolytes, acid-base balance = excrete lots of fluid

treatment of hyperension
pulmonary edema/CHF (congestive heart failure)
drugs that icnrease urinary output

blockade of sodium and chloride reabsorption
adverse: hypovolemia (too much volume loss), acid-base imbalance, electrolyte imbalances

Loop Diuretics
most frequently prescribed loop diuretic
PO-60min, IV-5min
use: pulmonary edema, edematous states, hypertension
adverse: hyponatremia, hypochloremia, dehydration, hypotension, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia
nursing imp: you need a catheter for IV administration

thiazides
peaks in 4-6 hours
use: HTN, edema
adverse: hyponatremia, hypochloremia, dehydration, hypokalemia

decrease in potassium excretion
two groups: aldosterone antagonist and nonaldosterone antagonists

blocks aldosterone in the distal nephron
retention of potassium
increased excretion of sodium
use: hypertension, edematous states, heart failure
adverse: hyperkalemia, benign and malignant tumors, endocrine effects

osmotic diuretic
promotes diuresis by creating ostmoitc force within lumen of nephron
drug must be given parenterally only given IV drip n critical care
use: prophylaxis of renal failure, reduction of intracranial pressure, reduction of introcular pressure
adverse: edema, headache, N&V, fluid and electrolyte imbalance