Music 1306- Bolded terms

quality of sound, highness or lowness

number of vibrations per second

a symbol for a pitch

five parallel lines

length of time

loudness or softness

what differentiates two sounds of the same note

a line or tune in music

the distance between the lowest and highest notes

the shape of a melody as it turns up or down

the distance between any two pitches

a melody that moves by small intervals in a joined, connected manner

a melody that moves in larger, disconnected intervals

a unit of meaning within a larger structure

a resting place

last syllables in each line rhyme

the high point in a melodic line

an added tune over another tune

the movement of music in time

a pulse that divides time into equal segments

stronger beats

organizing patterns (groups of two, three, or four beats)

metric groupings of beats, notated on the staff with bar lines

vertical lines through the staff

the first accented beat of each pattern

strong downbeat with a weak beat (ONE two)

one strong beat with two weak beats (ONE two three)

strong beat, weak beat, accented beat, weak beat

beat is divided into two

beat is divided into three

six beats to a measure (two main beats divided into three)

last beat of a measure

a deliberate upsetting of the normal pattern of accents

an accented beat is turned into a weak beat

i.e. left hand plays two notes to a beat, right hand plays three notes (many rhythms)

larger patterns are built from combinations

music moves without any strong sense of beat or meter

how notes sound together, the simultaneous combination of sound, the depth

three or more notes together

a collection of pitches in ascending or descending order

an interval spanning eight notes

a combination of three pitches

the first note of the scale (do)

the principal organization around a central note/the tonic

a combination of notes that sounds unstable

a combination of sounds that sounds right

a single sustained pitch

an octave divided into twelve semitones

smaller than a half-step

the twelve half steps that make up an octave

raises a note by a half-step

lowers a note by a half-step

two half steps

pitch level

sequence of pitches (do re mi fa sol la ti do)

major scale but with a lowered third note

melody and harmony are rooted in the key

notes foreign to the scale

five-note scale

three-note pattern

brief microtonal dip or rise

changing of the key during the song

shifting the key of the work entirely

the various threads that make a piece

a single voice

several musicians play the same musical line but each varies in an element

two or more melodic lines are combined

one musical line set against another

a single voice takes the melodic interest

all voices move together in the same rhythm

the melodic idea is presented in one voice and then restated in another

a strictly imitative work

each voice enters in succession, a form of canon

the familiar

the new

the same melody is repeated with each stanza

no main section of the work is repeated

some aspects of the work are altered but the original is still recognizable

pieces created simultaneously

two-part structure (no repeating the opening section) A-B

three-part structure (brings back the first section A-B-A

when a melodic idea is used as a building block in the construction of a larger work

an idea is restated at a different pitch level

a small fragment that forms a melodic rhythmic unit within a theme

a voice is answered by a chorus

a short musical pattern repeated throughout a work

a division of a large-scale work

the rate of speed

i.e. presto, vivace, allegro, moderato, andante, adagio, largo, grave

loudness or softness of music

nonsensical

wordless melody

the language of the people

a specific area of the range of an instrument (high, middle, low)

highest to lowest: soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto, tenor, baritone, bass

throbbing effect

instruments that produce sound using air

instruments that produce sound using a string that vibrates

produce sound by using the instrument itself

produce sound by tightly stretched membranes

strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion

a body of singers that perform together

soprano, alto, tenor, bass

in the chapel, singing with no instruments

one player to one instrument

a polyphonic form popular in the Baroque period

the group that performs the piece

the way an artwork is presented

a single-line melody, monophonic, lacking harmony

the order of church services and the structure of each service

one note sung to each syllable

three to five/six notes sung to a syllable

many notes set to a syllable

symbol above words to suggest contours

scale patterns

earliest type of polyphony

secular music composers

sacred music composers

new art

courtly love (secular) poems

secular music using word painting

sacred work used for the Mass and other religious services

an awakening where people gained confidence in their ability to solve their problems and to order their world without the use of tradition or religion

Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Anus Dei

soft or indoors

loud or outdoors

melodic decorations

prayer of praise to God

A-B-A structure

large-scale drama that is sung

a speech

air/tune, lyrical song

interludes

an orchestral piece at the beginning of an opera

text of an opera

entertainment that combined vocal and instrumental music with poetry and dance

a repeated phrase that descends along the chromatic scale

weekly hymns

a musical sermon on the original hymn

A-A-B structure

sacred, dramatic music performed by solo voices, chorus, and orchestra

a leader sings a line of a psalm and the congregation repeats it

mixed language and imagery devotional songs

a collection of dances (allemande, courante, sarabande, jig, minuet, gavotte, bourree, passepied, hornpipe)

a system where syllables are used to memorize intervals between notes

an instrumental form based on the opposition between two dissimilar bodies of sound

alternation between orchestral refrains and virtuosic outbursts

a composition in which a single theme pervades the entire fabric, entering in on one voice and then in another (based on imitation)

the main theme of the composition

the imitation of the subject

a different theme against the subject

interludes

subject presented in longer time values

subject presented in shorter time values

the pitch is stated backward

the pitch is turned upside down in mirror image

overlapping statements of the subject (heightens the tension)

a collection of 48 preludes and fugues that demonstrate a new system for tuning keyboard instruments (by Bach)

an intellectual movement that prioritized reason from human experience

sponsorship

a musical idea that is used as a building block for the piece

repeated at a higher or lower pitch

the smallest melodic or rhythmic unit

varying a theme’s outline, rhythm, or harmony

Music that has no literary, dramatic, or pictorial program

series of sections or movements

a lively movement with a lighthearted theme

the main theme

ensemble music with two to ten players with each player having a part

central position in chamber music: two violins, a viola, and a cello

style of orchestra where all instruments participate actively and can be heard

orchestral piece in three sections: fast-slow-fast

lighter genres performed in the evening or at social gatherings

establishes tonic, then changes key (modulates,) then goes back to tonic

opening section in which the major thematic material is stated. (AKA statement)

transitional passage

structural reshaping of thematic material; moves through a series of foreign keys while themes from the exposition are developed

restatement (of the tonic)

an extension of the closing idea that leads to the cadence

third movement of sonata-allegro form, court dance

a solo passage improvised that comes toward the end of a movement

the sonato-allegro form but with a double exposition

instrumental work for one or two instruments consisting of three or four contrasting movements

a quick-paced dance, a variant of the minuet

a theme or music idea from one movement returns later on

serious opera

dialogue opera

comic opera

musical setting of the most solemn service of the Roman Catholic Church

musical setting of the mass for the dead

a large-scale dramatic genre based on a text of religious or serious character

a song set to a high-quality literary text intended for concert performance

a group of songs that are unified musically or through their texts

song structure that combines strophic and through-composed forms. The same melody may be repeated for a few stanzas, introducing new material when the poem requires it.

songs intended for home entertainment; specific to 19th-century US

late 19th century US entertainment that has white performers in blackface

short, lyric piano work with a descriptive title

Polish processional dance in triple meter

“borrowed time,” when the performer hesitates or hurries through certain notes

instrumental music endowed with literary/pictorial associations

“fixed idea,” term coined by Berlioz for a recurring musical idea that links different movements of a work

single movement concert piece for orchestra

music written to accompany dramatic works

one movement orchestral form that develops a poetic idea, suggests a scene, or creates a mood (AKA tone poem)

“beautiful singing,” Italian vocal style characterized by smoothness and purity of tone

music style where rhythms/Melodies/instruments evoke far-off lands

operatic “realism”

comic German opera with spoken dialogue

“leading motive,” or basic recurring theme

a dance form featuring a staged presentation of group or solo or solo dancing with music, costumes, and scenery

“dance for two,” established feature of classical ballet

characterized by exotic scales, unresolved dissonances, parallel chords, rich orchestral tone color, and free rhythm

five-note chord spanning a ninth between its highest and lowest pitches

musical gatherings where hymns, spirituals, and full songs were sung

religious dance of African American slaves by clapping and shuffle steps to spirituals

folklike devotional genre of the US

late 19th-century piano style characterized by highly syncopated melodies

one of a series of contrasting sections found in rags and marches; in duple meter with 16-measure themes

a piano fitted with an apparatus enabling it to be played automatically by means of a rotating piano roll

characterized by fragmentation of forms into abstract/ geometric patterns

style of visual art/literature in Germany and Austria in the early 20th century

French term referring to new styles and techniques in the arts

light comedic variety show with music featuring popular song, dance, comedy, and acrobatics

nickname for the popular music industry in NY through the 1950s

2 or more streams of harmony played against each other

total abandonment of tonality, moving from one level of dissonance to another

vocal style where the melody is spoken at approximate pitches rather than exact ones

“tone color melody,” musical technique that involves splitting a musical line or melody between several instruments

shifting between meters within a single composition/movement

simultaneous use of 2 or more keys

musical style that blends African music with popular Western art traditions

African form of secular folk music related to jazz. Based on a simple repetitive poetic/musical structure

early jazz style characterized by multiple improvisations

mid-1930s to mid-1940s, when swing was most popular in the US

slight pitch drop on the third, fifth, or seventh note of a scale; common in blues and jazz

complex jazz style of the 1940s

20th-century musical theater with spoken dialogue and a dramatic plot interspersed with songs, ensemble numbers, and dancing

perforated paper roll that was recorded and then capable of playing back mechanically on a player piano