10: The Urinary System

examination to look for abnormal elements

blood test; checks kidney function

insertion of a tube into the bladder

examination of the urinary bladder using a specialized type of endoscope

part of endocrine system; located on top of kidneys

two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder, and one urethra

CT scan, radiographic imaging of the abdomen

x-ray or fluroscopy exam of the bladder

x-ray of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder using an IV contrast medium to clearly visualize everything

constantly filter blood to remove waste products and excess water

bean-shaped. located in retroperitoneal space

(kidneys, ureters, bladder) another kind of x-ray study. also referred to as a flat-plate of the abdomen

contrast medium instilled and made to flow upward through urinary tract, usually part of a cystoscopy

DRE; manual palpation of the prostate gland. digit refers to finger here

used to screen for prostate cancer. the more of the antigen found, the more likely cancer is present

outer region of the kidney; contains nephrons

inner region of the kidney; contains most of the urine-collecting tubules

microscopic functional units of the kidneys. urine produced through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

funnel-shaped area inside each kidney

two narrow tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

meds administered to increase urine secretion, to rid the body of excess water and/or salt

block signals that can cause urinary incontinence

tube from bladder to outside of body

external opening of the urethrea

surrounds the urethra (in males only)

procedure to remove waste products when kidneys no longer function

removing blood from a person, cleaning it with a machine (an "artificial kidney"), and sending it back into that poor mf

voiding or micturition

uses the lining of the peritoneal cavity to remove waste from blood.

done while a person goes about their daily living

only done at night when person is sleeping

surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions

catheter used to maintain an opening from a kidney to the outside of the body

surgical incision into the renal pelvis. usually to remove things like a stone

elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), can cause uremia when this excess becomes toxic

waste products building up in the blood due to kidney failure

a kidney disorder characterized by the loss of excessive protein in the urine, leading to a buildup of fluid (edema) and other issues

excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues

one kidney located in an abnormal position or is fused with the other kidney. this is congenital

dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys

network of capillaries in nephrons that filter blood

inflammation of the glomeruli, red blood cells and proteins leak into urine

ESWL, most common kidney stone treatment, zaps that mf into smaller pieces

kidney stone

surgical removal of a nephrolith, done through a small incision in the back

fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys; genetic disorder

suppuration of the kidney

the pain caused by trying to pass a kidney stone

presence of stones in the kidney. named for the location where they become lodged

kidney

urinary bladder

hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall

backward flow of urine from the bladder to the ureters

abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina. constant flow of urine from the bladder into the vagina

obstruction of the urethra by an enlarged prostate

abnormal growth and enlargement of the prostate

urethra pointing down

urethra pointing up

renal pelvis. center area of the kidney; urine collects here and is funneled into the ureter