Joints

where two bones meet and where body movement occurs

Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, Diarthrosis or Synovial

immovable joint; most stable; edges of bone may touch or interlock; ex. skull bones

slightly movable joint; middle stability; ex. pubic symphysis

freely movable joint

surrounded by joint capsule (articular capsule); contains synovial membrane

acts like WD-40 for bones; has the consistency of egg yolk

covers articulating surfaces and prevents direct contact between bones

fibrocartilage pad between opposing bones

adipose tissue covered by synovial membrane; protect articular cartilages

support and strengthen joints

ligament with torn collagen fibers

attach to muscles around joint

small pockets of synovial fluid; cushion areas where tendons or ligaments rub against other tissues

angle formed by the two bones decreases

angle formed by the two bones increases

movement away from midline

movement toward midline

only occurs at spinal joints

left or right; Internal (medial) rotating towards midline; External (lateral) rotating away from midline

rotates forearm so that radius rolls across ulna; results in palm facing posteriorly

turns palm anteriorly; forearm is supinated in anatomical position

the joint that is moving is either the hand or the leg; ex. bicep curl or leg extension

the body is moving and the hand/leg is still

a complete circular movement without rotation; only occurs with ball and socket joints

twists sole of foot medially

twists sole of foot laterally

flexion at ankle (lifting toes)

extension at ankle (pointing toes)

movement of thumb toward palm or other fingers

the thumb moves away form the fingers and back into a neutral position

forward at the mouth or jaw

back at the mouth or jaw

up at the mouth or jaw

down at the mouth or jaw

flattened or slightly curved surfaces; limited motion (nonaxial)

angular motion in a single plane (monaxial)

oval articular face within a depression; motion in two planes (biaxial)

first two cervical vertebrae are joined by synovial joints (no disc); synovial joints lie between adjacent articular processes; adjacent vertebral bodies form symphyses (amphiarthrodial joint)

separates vertebral bodies

tough outer layer of fibrocartilage; attaches disc to vertebrae

elastic, gelatinous core; absorbs shocks

bulge in annulus fibrosus; invades vertebral canal; can possibly compress spinal nerves

nucleus pulposus breaks through annulus fibrosus; frequently inflames spinal nerves

connect laminae of adjacent vertebrae

connects posterior surfaces of vertebral bodies

connects anterior surfaces of vertebral bodies

hinge joint; articulations involve humerus, radius, and ulna

largest, strongest joint at elbow

smaller joint

complex hinge joint; transfers weight from femur to tibia

fibrocartilage pads at femur-tibia articulations; cushion and stabilize joint

inside joint capsule

support the knee joint

ball-and-socket diarthrosis; between head of humerus and glenoid fossa of scapula; greatest range of motion of any joint; most frequently dislocated joint

rim of fibrocartilage; extends beyond bony rim and deepens socket of glenoid cavity

partial or complete dislocation of acromioclavicular joint

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

between head of femur and acetabulum of hip bone; strong ball-and-socket diarthrosis; wide range of motion

rim of fibrocartilage; increases depth of joint cavity

Rotation, Pronation, Supnation

abduction, adduction, Lateral flection

Flection, extention