bio115 exam 4 study guide

Houses and provides proliferaiton site for lymphocytes [reticular connective]

Principal lymphoid organ of the body, embedded in connective tissue

largest lymphatic organ; center for lymphocyte prod

Bilobed organ in the mediastinum, creates T lymphocytes

Simplest lymphoid organ; gathers and removes pathogens in food and air

lymphoid tissues in mucous membranes throughout body

Cluster of lymphoid follicles, in small intestine

Destroy bacteria, generates "memory" lymphocytes

Innate and adaptive defenses intertwined

Resistance to disease

nonspecific defense system

specific defense system

Redness, heat, Swelling, pain

Margination, diapedesis, chemotaxis of leukocytes that phagocytize pathogens

Abnormally high body temp.

Regulate immune response; produce cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells

Produce plasma cells and memory cells

B cells produce antibodies, T cells activate B cells with interleukin-2

Macrophage engulfs antigen and presents to T cells

Foreign substance in body

Disease causing agent

Proteins involved in body's defenses

Specific (recognizes antigens), Systemic (not restricted), "memory"

Ability by B cells to mount an immediate response to future exposures to the same antigen

Regarding Humoral immunity (Diagram)

Infection or via Mother; Vaccine

Bottom chambers of heart

Located at base of blood vessels, prevent backflow

AV valve

Atria contract, Ventricles contract, all chambers relax

When chambers contract

When chambers relax

Right side of heart; deoxygenated blood from R ventricle to lungs, lungs to L atrium

Left side of heart; Oygenated blood from L ventricle to body, deoxy. blood from body to R atrium

Arteries from aorta that supply heart tissue

Conduction system consists of specialized muscles tissue that acts as neural tissue

Recording of electrical current generated during heart contraction

Heart > Aorta > Arteries > Arterioles > capillaries > venules > veins > vena cava > heart

Form a closed system of tubes carrying blood from heart to body cells

Pressure against a blood vessel wall

Tool to measure diastolic and systolic BP, plus pulse

Transport, protection, regulation

45% RBC, WBC, platelets; 55% Plasma

When antibodies bind foreign antigens

Rhesus monkeys

Microscopic organisms

Delivers nutrients and removes wastes, derived from blood plasma

Functions to return tissue fluid to the bloodstream, carries lymph

Closed ended tubes within body tissue spaces

Right side of head and neck, R arm and shoulder, R thorax

Remainder of body

Natural Killer cells and Lymphocytes

Small veins that receive blood from capillaries

Carry blood towards the heart

Abnormal heartbeat

Occurs when one ventricle is not as efficient as the other

Abnormal heart sound

Death of myocardium due to coronary artery blockage

Inflammation of pericardium due to viral or bacterial infection

heart no longer pumps properly

Weakened vessel wall bulges which forms like a balloon-like sac, can be fatal

hardening of the arteries due to calcium deposits

Formation of plaques in arteries, reduces lumen size and obstructs blood flow

Chronic high blood pressure, silent killer

Inflammation of a vein, common in legs

Dilated, swollen veins due to malfuncitoning valves

Cerebrovascular accident, blocked / burst cranial artery

Condition resulting from low # of RBC

Genetic disorder that results in a deficiency of a clotting factor

Excessive number of RBCs

"Kissing disease," when Epstein-barr virus infects B lymphocytes

Group of cancers that affect white blood cells (WBC are high and don't act correctly)

elevated WBC count

Rh mismatch in pregnancy; can lead to fetal death or retardation

inherited disease; stem cells of WBC’s lack an enzyme that allows them to fight any infection

where cardiac muscles connect to each other

Outer layer of heart

Middle layer of heart

Inner layer of heart

All layers that surround heart?

I think it's another word for epicardium

Principal lymphoid organs of body

Simplest lymphoid organs; Gather and remove pathogens in food or air

Largest lymphatic organ; Centers for lymphocyte production

Bilobed organ in the mediastinum above the heart

When your transplanted organ is rejected

Virus that attacks immune system

Lymphatic vessels are blocked by roundworms, swollen legs

Inflammation of the tonsils due to bacterial infections

Immune responses to perceived (otherwise harmless) threat

Self-reactive lymphocytes

Cancers that affects white blood cells and can develop in the organs of the lymphatic system

Hardening of connective tissues

Facial rash gives wolf-like appearance

Lymphocytes are overproduced and destroy other blood cells

60% of WBC

Function in parasitic infections, granulated

Release histamine and heparin – often due to allergic reactions

25% of WBCs, turns into T cells

Take residence in tissues and develop into macrophages

Fragments of large cells (megakaryocytes) made in the red bone marrow

Most abundant formed element

Mostly water, Ions, nutrients, waste products, gases, and regulatory substances.

"stopping bleeding"

Constriction of the damaged vessel

Platelets are attracted to damaged sites and adhere to exposed connective tissue

Formation of a blood clot

Process in which plasmin dissolves the now unnecessary blood clot

a foreign substance that stimulates an immune response

proteins made in response to an antigen in the body and bind to that antigen

Systolic / Diastolic

Carry blood Away from the heart

Carry blood Away from the heart, but smaller

Microscopic vessels