1What are activities of daily living?
Routine tasks people do every day without assistance
2What is metabolism?
The chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life
3What are anabolic steroids?
Synthetic substances that mimic testosterone promoting muscle growth
4What defines muscular strength?
The maximum force a muscle can exert in a single effort
5What is muscular endurance?
The ability of a muscle to repeatedly exert force over a prolonged period
6What does hypertrophy refer to?
An increase in muscle size due to exercise
7What is atrophy?
The decrease in muscle size due to lack of use or disease
8What is a motor neuron?
A nerve cell that connects to muscles conveying signals that induce contraction
9What is a motor unit?
A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates
10What is 1 RM?
One Repetition Maximum the maximum weight that can be lifted in a single repetition for a given exercise
11What are slow-twitch fibers?
Muscle fibers that are fatigue resistant but have slow contraction speed suited for endurance
12What are fast-twitch fibers?
Muscle fibers that contract quickly and powerfully but fatigue rapidly suited for sprinting or lifting heavy weights
13What is the overload principle?
Increasing the intensity of exercise to improve fitness
14What does specificity of training refer to?
Training that is tailored to the specific demands of a sport or goal
15What is isometric (static) training?
Exercise where the muscle exerts force without changing length e.g.
16What is dynamic training?
Exercise where muscles exert force by changing length including concentric and eccentric movements
17What is isokinetic training?
Exercise using machines that maintain a constant speed regardless of force applied
18What is resistance in the context of exercise?
The force against which a muscle must work
19What is an eccentric contraction?
Muscle lengthens while contracting usually when lowering a weight
20What is a concentric contraction?
Muscle shortens while contracting usually when lifting a weight
21What defines muscular power?
The ability to exert force quickly combining strength and speed
22Why is good strength important for older adults?
It helps maintain independence and reduces the risk of falls
23How does increased muscle mass affect metabolism?
It boosts metabolism aiding in weight control and energy levels
24What are the gender differences in muscular fitness?
Men typically have more muscle mass and strength but women can increase strength with training
25What are the types of muscle fibers?
Slow-twitch and fast-twitch fibers
26What are the principles of strength training?
Overload principle specificity of training
27How does strength training change body composition?
Increases muscle mass and decreases fat percentage
28What are the benefits and differences of free weights versus machines?
Free weights improve balance and coordination machines target specific muscles safely
29What are plyometric exercises?
Exercises that involve explosive movements to improve power
30What are assessment tests for muscular strength and endurance?
Tests that measure the maximum weight lifted or the number of repetitions performed at a given weight
31What determines the strength of a muscle contraction?
The number of fibers activated and the frequency of their stimulation