1what are the three primary functions of the spine
protection of the spinal cord
structural support for weightbearing
flexibility and movement
2force on the vertebral discs when standing
compression
3force on the vertebral discs during flexion and extension
shear
4what can you do to reduce force on the vertebral discs
make things more ergonomic
5what are the motions of the spine
spinal flexion
spinal extension
spinal lateral flexion
spinal rotation
6what are some methods OTs use to assess the spine
screening: symmetry and flexibility
posture and biomechanics
trunk control:seating and standing
occupations
7why is good posture important
proximal stability equates to proximal control
8name some things that would influence poor posture
lack of stability
lack of strength
lack of control
9what are some positive impacts of good posture
-reduces stress on joints
- minimizes muscle fatigue
- prevents injury and falls
- kinematics: precursor to efficient movement
10what is normal standing alignment postrue
ear lobe
acromion
greater trochanter
axis of knee
ankle
11what is the normal seating alignment posture
ear lobe
acromion
greater trochanter
hips, knees, and ankles at 90
feet flat on the floor
12what are the effects of poor posture on occupations
increased pain and fatigue
poor head positioning effects
shoulder positioning effects
risk of injury
13what type of apprach is posture evaluation
holistic
14what is the observational order for posture evaluation
anterior, lateral, posterior
1. seated and standing
2. static and dynamic positions
3. occupational performance
4. supine and prone if needed
15what is the order for postural intervention
proximal to distal
1. pelvis
2. spine and trunk
3. head and extremities
16what are some possible reasons for postural deformity
orthopedic dysfunction
neurological dysfunction
environmental
17lateral curvature of the spine
scoliosis
18increased convexity of thoracic spine
Dowager's hump
kyphosis
19increased concavity of lumbar spine
lordosis
20what are some examples of spinal dysfunction
low back pain
herniated disc
21portion of disc nucleus bulges through fibrous outer layer. Leads to compression on spinal cord
herniated disc