US History Midterm 2

A 1945 meeting between FDR, Churchill, and Stalin to plan post-war Europe and divide Germany.

A secret U.S. project to develop the atomic bomb.

A physicist whose letter to FDR urged the development of nuclear weapons.

President Truman justified using atomic bombs on Japan to end the war quickly and save American lives.

The number of people killed or injured in a war or disaster.

The policy of developing a powerful military to discourage attacks.

Widespread concern during the Cold War about nuclear destruction.

The relationship between the government, military, and arms industry, warned against by Eisenhower.

Long-range missiles capable of delivering nuclear warheads.

The first artificial satellite, launched by the USSR in 1957, igniting the Space Race.

A 1960 crisis where a U.S. spy plane was shot down over the USSR, worsening Cold War tensions.

The loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one option is chosen.

Led to U.S. space advancements and the creation of NASA.

**The Civil Rights Movement**

A civil rights organization fighting racial discrimination.

Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation under "separate but equal."

Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, ruling segregation in schools unconstitutional.

A major battleground for civil rights protests.

A protest against bus segregation sparked by Rosa Parks in 1955.

Civil rights activist who refused to give up her bus seat.

Leader of the civil rights movement advocating nonviolent protest.

**Cold War & Containment**

U.S. policy to prevent the spread of communism.

Nations not aligned with the U.S. or USSR during the Cold War.

Communist leader of Cuba after overthrowing Batista.

Cuban dictator overthrown by Castro in 1959.

Government seizure of private property, often done by communist regimes.

A failed 1961 CIA-backed attempt to overthrow Castro.

Soviet leader during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

A 1962 confrontation over Soviet missiles in Cuba, nearly leading to nuclear war.

Secret government information and messages.

**Vietnam War**

A toxic herbicide used by the U.S. in Vietnam.

Small-scale, irregular warfare used by the Vietcong.

A major 1968 Vietcong attack that weakened U.S. public support for the war.

People who supported the Vietnam War.

People who opposed the Vietnam War.

The growing distrust between the U.S. government and its citizens.

A highly contested election during a period of political turmoil.

JFK’s brother and presidential candidate, assassinated in 1968.

The candidates in the 1968 election, with Nixon winning.

Television coverage influenced public opinion on Vietnam.

A public protest or march.

**Atomic Bomb & Cold War Alliances**

The Japanese city hit by the first atomic bomb, "Little Boy."

The atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima.

The atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki.

The ideological and political struggle between the U.S. and USSR from 1945-1991.

A U.S.-led military alliance against the USSR.

A Soviet-led military alliance against NATO.

U.S. aid program to rebuild Europe and prevent communism.

**1950s American Culture**

A 1950s dance event for teenagers.

U.S. President (1953-1961), promoted Cold War containment.

The population surge after WWII.

Workers in manual labor achieving economic stability.

The post-war move to suburban communities.

Non-essential goods purchased due to rising prosperity.

**Civil Rights & Social Justice**

1963 protests met with police violence.

Birmingham police chief who used force against civil rights activists.

Used to suppress civil rights protests.

Broadcasted civil rights struggles to the nation.

MLK’s famous defense of civil disobedience.

Assassin of President Kennedy.

JFK was killed in Dallas in 1963.

Investigated JFK’s assassination.

The controversial explanation of how JFK was shot.

Killed Lee Harvey Oswald.

**Vietnam War Aftermath**

Lowered the voting age to 18.

Limited presidential war-making powers.

Mandatory military service, widely protested.

Public trust eroded after Vietnam and Watergate.

**Cold War Conflicts**

U.S. effort to supply West Berlin.

People fleeing communist rule.

Large-scale migration, especially from East to West Berlin.

A more powerful nuclear weapon developed during the Cold War.

Became communist in 1949.

Communist leader of China.

**Domestic Cold War Fears**

A war between communist North and democratic South Korea.

Fear of communist infiltration in the U.S.

Political party advocating communism.

Rights threatened during the Red Scare.

Investigated federal employees for communist ties.

**Post-WWII America**

Provided benefits to WWII veterans.

Office-based work.

Groups that advocate for workers’ rights.

Residential areas outside cities.

The culture of excessive buying.

Mass-produced suburban housing.

**Social Movements**

1963 civil rights rally.

Hesitation on full civil rights support.

The goals of the March on Washington.

Musicians who supported civil rights.

MLK’s iconic speech.

**Hispanic Civil Rights**

Advocacy for Mexican-American rights.

Adopting mainstream culture.

Mexican-American youth culture.

Supported workers' rights.

The movement of people into a country.