Ch 25

International law is influenced by a combination of law, religious tenets, and ______ relations.

International law is enforced primarily through ______, customs, and judicial decisions.

Public International Law regulates relations between ______ and international organizations.

Private International Law governs disputes between ______ across borders.

A treaty is an agreement between two or more nations to ______ in a certain manner.

The Vienna Convention on Treaties became effective in ______.

Customary International Law is based on ______ state practice.

Judicial decisions in international law serve as ______.

Comity means that nations will generally ______ to foreign laws and court decisions.

The act of state doctrine prevents courts from ruling on ______.

The three primary sources of international law are ______, customs, and judicial decisions.

The ______ Convention is an international treaty on cybercrime.

The United Nations (UN) was created to address global concerns, including defense, trade, and ______.

The WTO primarily regulates ______.

The IMF promotes stability of world ______.

The OECD works to eliminate ______ and bribery in global economies.

The FCPA prohibits U.S. businesses from bribing ______ officials.

A foreign official under the FCPA includes employees of ______.

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is also known as the ______.

The European Court of Justice (ECJ) ensures compliance with ______ laws.

A choice of law clause specifies which country’s ______ will govern a contract.

A forum selection clause determines where ______ will be resolved.

Sovereign immunity means that nations are generally exempt from ______ in foreign courts.

The FSIA allows lawsuits against foreign governments engaged in ______ on U.S. soil.

CISG stands for the Convention on ______.

Under the CISG, contracts do not have to be in ______.

Religious-based legal systems derive their laws from ______ principles.

Sharia law is an example of a ______ legal system.

Mixed legal systems combine elements of multiple ______ traditions.

Civil law systems rely heavily on ______ codes.

Common law systems emphasize the role of ______ in shaping legal principles.

International arbitration is used to resolve disputes between parties of different ______.

The New York Convention ensures international arbitration awards are ______.

The ICC, LCIA, and AAA administer ______.

The WIPO resolves disputes related to ______.

Mediation involves a ______ third party facilitating negotiations.

Conciliation differs from arbitration because it is ______.

The FCPA requires companies to maintain accurate ______.

The ICC develops global standards for ______.

TRIPS sets minimum standards for ______ protection.

The Paris Convention ensures equal patent rights for ______ inventors.

The Madrid Protocol simplifies international ______ registration.

The Berne Convention provides global protection for ______.

The WCT extends copyright protections to ______ works.

The PCT simplifies the international ______ application process.

INCO terms standardize international trade ______.

FOB means the seller’s responsibility ends when goods are ______.

FCA means the seller delivers goods to a designated ______.

EXW places the burden on the ______ for transport and risk.

GATT is the foundation for ______ trade rules.

Tariffs, quotas, and regulations that restrict imports/exports are called ______.

Dumping occurs when goods are sold below ______ value.

Countervailing duties are tariffs imposed to offset ______.

The Most-Favored-Nation principle requires equal trade treatment among ______.

National Treatment mandates that foreign goods be treated the same as ______ goods.

Investment treaties protect foreign investors from ______.

Expropriation occurs when a government seizes private ______.

The Geneva Conventions regulate ______ conduct.

The ICC prosecutes crimes against ______.

The UN Security Council enforces ______ rulings.

Economic sanctions restrict ______ with targeted countries.

Export controls limit sales of ______ technology.

FDI occurs when a company invests in ______ operations.

MNCs operate in ______ countries.

CSR requires businesses to maintain ethical ______ practices.

The OECD Anti-Bribery Convention bans ______ in international business.

Global environmental laws regulate ______ emissions.

The Kyoto Protocol sets targets for reducing ______ gases.

The Paris Agreement aims to combat ______ change.

International taxation rules govern cross-border ______.

Double taxation treaties prevent companies from being taxed ______.

Transfer pricing shifts profits between ______.

Bank secrecy laws protect financial privacy but may enable ______.

International banking regulations oversee cross-border ______.

Foreign exchange markets trade global ______.

A pegged currency is fixed to another ______.

A floating exchange rate is determined by ______ forces.

Balance of payments records a country’s international ______.

A trade surplus occurs when ______ exceed imports.

A trade deficit occurs when ______ exceed exports.

Sovereign debt refers to government-issued ______.

BITs protect investors from ______ treatment.

Host country regulations govern ______ businesses.

Extraterritorial jurisdiction applies domestic laws to ______ activities.

Political risk arises from government ______.

The EXIM Bank finances U.S. ______.

The World Bank funds international ______ projects.

RTAs like NAFTA and the EU promote ______ integration.

Economic integration merges economies to encourage ______.

Maritime law governs international ______.

UNCLOS defines territorial ______ zones.

Piracy laws target crimes at ______.

Space law regulates activities beyond ______.

The Outer Space Treaty prohibits ______ in space.

Cybersecurity laws protect against ______ threats.

The Budapest Convention addresses international ______.

AI regulation governs ethical concerns of ______ intelligence.

Cryptocurrency laws regulate digital ______.

Data privacy laws control ______ collection.

GDPR is the EU’s strict ______ regulation.

Digital trade agreements regulate ______ commerce.

E-commerce regulations apply to ______ transactions.

Consumer protection laws ensure ______ business practices.

The future of international law evolves with ______ and technology.