History Chapter 2 Key Terms

Businesses owned by investors, who purchase shares of stock and share the profits and losses.

Legislatures of Great Britain, composed of the House of Commons, whose members are elected, and the House of Lords, whose members are either hereditary or appointed.

English religious dissenters who sought to "purify" the Church of England of its Catholic practices.

An alliance of several powerful Algonquian societies under the leadership of Chief Powhatan, organized into 30 chieftdoms along much of the Atlantic coast in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.

A "cash crop" grown in the caribbean as well as the Virginia and Maryland colonies, made increasingly profitable by the rapidly growing popularity of smoking in Europe after the voyages of Columbus.

A land-grant policy that promised 50 acres to any colonist who could afford passage to Virginia and 50 more for each accompanying servant. The headright policy was eventually expanded to include any colonists- and was also adopted in other colonies.

A formal agreement signed by the Separatist colonists aboard the Mayflower to abide by laws made by leaders of their choosing.

English colony founded by Puritans in 1630 as a haven for persecuted Congressionalists.

English proprietary colonies, originally formed as the Carolina colonies, officially separated into the colonies of North and South Carolina in 1712, whose semitropical climate made them profitable centers of rice, timber, and tar production.

Dutch colony conquered by the English in 1667, out of which 4 new colonies were created- New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware.

Unsuccessful revolt led by planter Nathaniel Bacon against Virginia governor William Berkeley's administration, which, Bacon charged, had failed to protect settlers from Indian raids.

A war in New England resulting from the escalation of tensions between Native Americans and English settlers; the defeat of the Native Americans led to broadened freedoms for the settlers and they're dispossessing the region's Native Americans of most of their land.

An alliance of the Iroquois Nations, originally formed sometime between 1450 and 1600, that used their combined strength to pressure Europeans to work with them in the fur trade and to wage war across what is today eastern North America.

Settlers who signed on for a temporary period of servitude to a master in exchange for passage to the New World.

The hellish and often deadly middle leg of the transatlantic "triangular triad" in which European ships carried manufactured goods to Africa, then transported inslaved Africans to the Americas and the Caribbean, and finally conveyed American agricultural products back to Europe.