1When did people 1st cross the Bering Sea?
During the Ice Age.
2What evidence have archeologists and anthropologists found from the lives of the 1st people in America?
They found proof that the 1st people in America lived in huts with wooden frames covered with animal skins.
3Why did those people travel to North America?
They came in search of game animals and adventures. They discovered an immense continent with extraordinary climatic and environmental diversity.
4What were the major pre-Columbian civilizations?
Mayas, Incas, Aztecs, and Chilochas.
5What factors caused the demise of the Maya civilization?
Civil wars, drought, famine, disease, crop failure, overpopulation, and they destroyed the rainforest.
6What was the importance of the Mexica city of Tenochtitlan?
It served as the capital of Mexica Empire.
7What were the 3 dominant pre-Columbian civilizations in North America?
The Pacific Northwest culture; the Hohokum-Anasazi culture of the Southwest; The Adena-Hopewell culture of the Ohio River Valley; and the Mississippian culture east of the Mississippi river.
8Where was the Adena-Hopewell culture centered?
The Ohio River Valley in the Midwest.
9How was the Mississippian civilization similar to that of the Maya or the Mexicas?
They were corn-growing people who built substantial agricultural towns. They were all agriculturally-based regional religious systems.
10What made the Anasazi culture different from the other North American cultures?
No rigid class structure, only engaged in warfare as a means of self defense, and religious leaders and warriors worked as much as the rest of the people.
11How many voyages did Columbus make to the Americas?
4
12Where did Columbus think he had landed?
The Indies
13What happened to the colony that Columbus left on Hispaniola in 1493?
They had raped women, robbed villages, and committed a 1000 excesses.
14What were the Spanish conquistadors' goals for exploring the Americas?
Plunder, conquer, and colonize the Americas. Lust for gold and silver, desire to win Royal titles and favors by expanding Empire and the hope of bringing Christianity to pagans.
15How did Cortes conquer the Mexicas?
He used deception to enter peacefully then executed a palace coup taking Moctezuma hostage then destroyed the city.
16Why did the Spanish 1st explore North America? Why did they establish Saint Augustine, the 1st European settlement in what would become the United States?
In response to French efforts to colonize North Florida and create an outpost on the Atlantic coast to keep the French out. To seek what was "out there" and claim it for the Crown. The city was to serve important functions for the Spanish Empire, defending the primary trade route to Europe along the Atlantic ocean's main West to East current.
17Who were the 1st European explorers to rival Spanish dominance in the new world? Why did they cross the Atlantic?
The French. To explore and exploit the new world. Giovanni de Verrazano and Jacques Cartier. They were looking for a passage to Asia.
18Why was the defeat of the Spanish Armada important to the history of English exploration?
It established Queen Elizabeth as an English hero and cleared the way for colonizing America. It transformed England into a mighty global empire.
19Why was the development of New France delayed after early exploration visits?
The colonies were plunged into religious civil wars.