1What units can be used to measure distance?
mm, cm, m, and km
2What units can be used to measure time?
ms, s, mins, and hours
3What is the formula for speed?
speed = distance / time
4What is the difference between a vector and a scalar?
A vector has magnitude and direction, whereas a scalar has just magnitude
5Can a scalar be negative?
No
6Can a vector be negative?
Yes
7Is speed a scalar or a vector?
Scalar
8Is velocity a scalar or a vector?
Vector
9What does the gradient of a distance-time graph represent?
Velocity
10What does a horizontal line on a distance-time graph indicate?
The object is stationary
11What does a curved line on a distance-time graph indicate?
The velocity is changing and the object is accelerating or decelerating
12What does the gradient of a velocity-time graph represent?
Acceleration
13What does a horizontal line on a velocity-time graph indicate?
The object is moving at a constant speed
14What does the area under a velocity-time graph represent?
Total distance travelled
15What is the formula for average speed?
average speed = total distance / total time
16What type of interaction occurs between charged particles?
Electrostatic interaction
17What type of attraction occurs between particles with mass?
Gravitational attraction
18What is a contact force that opposes motion in contact with a fluid or surface called?
Friction
19In what direction does a reaction force always act?
Normal to the line of contact
20In what direction does friction always act?
In the opposite direction to movement along the line of contact
21In what direction does weight always act?
Vertically downwards from the object's centre of mass
22What does the length of an arrow represent in a free body force diagram?
The size of the force in relation to other forces
23When is an object in equilibrium?
When opposing forces are equal in length and cancel out
24What is Newton's First Law?
An object has a constant velocity unless acted on by a resultant force
25What is acceleration defined as?
Change in velocity over time
26What happens when a car reaches terminal velocity?
Thrust is balanced by drag and friction so no resultant force acts
27What is the formula relating force, mass, and acceleration?
Force = mass x acceleration
28What is inertia?
A measure of how difficult it is to change the velocity of an object depending on its mass
29What is the formula for mass using force and acceleration?
mass = force / acceleration
30What two factors does momentum depend on?
Mass and velocity
31What are the units of momentum?
Ns or kg ms-1
32What is conserved in an elastic collision?
Momentum and kinetic energy
33What is Newton's Third Law?
Every action force has an equal and opposite reaction force
34What is the formula for work done?
work done = force x distance
35What unit is work done measured in?
Joules
36What must be applied to an object to stretch, bend, or compress it?
More than one force
37What is elastic deformation?
When the object returns to its original shape when the load has been removed
38What is plastic deformation?
When the object does not return to its original shape when the load has been removed
39What is Hooke's Law formula?
F = kx
40What does the gradient of a linear force-extension graph represent?
Spring constant
41What is the point called where a force-extension graph stops being linear?
Elastic limit
42What is a brittle material?
A material that has a linear force-extension graph with no non-linear end section and snaps instead of stretching
43How is work done on a spring calculated from a force-extension graph?
Work Done = kx^2
44What type of field does all matter with mass have?
Gravitational field
45What is weight?
The force exerted on a mass by the gravitational field
46What is the formula for weight?
weight = mass x gravitational field strength
47What is the value of gravitational field strength on Earth used in these notes?
10 ms-2
48What instrument is used to measure weight?
A force meter or Newton meter
49What is acceleration in free fall due to?
Gravity
50What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?
GPE = mgh
51What is the moment of a force formula?
Moment of a Force = force x perpendicular distance
52When is an object in rotational equilibrium?
When the sum of anticlockwise moments equals the sum of clockwise moments
53What can gears change?
Speed, force, or direction by rotation
54How does a lower gear with fewer teeth behave when supplying force?
It will turn faster as less force is applied in the opposing direction
55How does a higher gear with more teeth behave?
It will turn slower as a greater force is applied in the opposing direction
56What is the formula for pressure in fluids?
pressure = force / area
57At what angle to a surface does pressure in fluids cause a net force?
Right angles
58Why do hydraulic brakes multiply force?
Because pressure is constant in fluids and a greater area generates a greater force