The Universe and The Solar System (1)

WHAT ARE THE THEORIES OF THE UNIVERSE?

who proposed the Inflation theory?

who offered solutions to the unresolved problems from the Big Bang Theory

proposed a period of exponential expansion where energy density of the universe was dominated by a cosmological constant typeof vacuum energy, energy decayed producing the matter and radiation which filled up the universe.

inflation stretches any initial curvature of the universe.

during rapid expansion, density of the monopoles dropped exponentially to an undetectable level.

exponential expansion in the early universe presupposed that the distant regions were much closer to each other prior to inflation.

Enumerate the timeline of the inflationary universe

in an infinity dense moment 13.7BYA, The Universe was born a Singularity

mysterious particle accelerates the expansion. (10^26 in less than 10^32 seconds)

after 380,000 years, loose electrons cool enough to combine with protons. Universe becomes transaparent to light and microwave background begins to shine

Clouds of dark hydrogen gas cool and coalesce

Gas cloud collapse and fusion of stars begins

Gravity causes galaxies to form, merge , and drift. Dark energy accelerates the expansion but at a much slower rate than inflation.

proposed the assembly of particle type which is replaced by a fundamental building block called strings that comes in closed or open form which are free to vibrate through different vibrational modes. Which may represent different particle types - electron, photon, and graviton

This theory is consistent with a quantum gravity which is able to describe interactions of strings

particle carrying the force of gravity

states that the origin of the universe occurs as a result of the contact of two hyperdimensional branes that allows an infinite number of parallel universe which have possibilitity of interphasing

WHAT ARE THE THEORIES OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM?

French mathematician/physicist. One of the first proponents of a model of the origin of the SS.

Who is the founder of Vortex theory?

To his model, solar system was formed into bodies with nearly circular orbits of the planets as explained by whirlpool-like motion of pre-solar materials

Primary whirlpool

Secondary whirlpool

A giant comet about to collide with the sun. The collision results in release of material from the sun.

Released material condenses and acquires the shape of planets which starts revolving around the sun

What are the limitations of Buffon's theory?

involves the approach near the sun of another star. This set up tidal forces and the instability of the sun resulted in parts of its mass being torn off to form the planets.

proposed by Sir James H. Jeans and Sir Harrold Jeffreys (1877-1946)

Who proposed the Tidal Theory

an explanation for the formation of SS. the word "nebula" is latin for "cloud".

Stars are born from clouds of interstellar gas and dust.

the SS was formed through five stages, according to whom?

What are the 5 stages of SS formation according to Imanuel Kant and Piere Simon de Leplace (The Fog Theory),

the ss comes from a high temperature gas ball. It collapse, heat up, and become disk-shaped

disk spinning faster and faster, so that no part was thrown out and tempretaure decreased

disk becomes a sphere due to rotation. HOWEVER, because of fast rotation, some fogs fom the gas ball mass escape

some fog formed to the core of the largest mass in the middle, WHILE small parts are formed around cooling process.

cores of smaller masses turn into planets WHILE mostof them remains in a state of high-temperature flare and called the sun

describes the formation of our SS from a nebula cloud made from a collection of dust and gas.

Believed that celestial bodies (sun, planets, moon, asteroids)were formed around the same time (4.5BYA) from a nebula.

Orbits of the planets are almost in the same plane. Therefore

Planetary orbits are nearly circular. TRUE OR FALSE

Orbits of the planets are in the different plane as the rotation of the sun. TRUE OR FALSE

Orbits of the planets are nearly in the same plane as the rotation of the sun. TRUE OR FALSE

Planets revolve/orbit and rotate in a counter clockwise fashion and direction. TRUE OR FALSE

Planets revolve/orbit and rotate in a clockwise fashion and direction. TRUE OR FALSE

Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn - nearly identical. TRUE R FALSE

Satellites and planets contain few of the rotational motion of the SS. TRUE OR FALSE

Satellites and planets contain almost all the rotational motion of the SS. TRUE OR FALSE

SS also contains asteroid and comets. TRUE OR FALSE

What are asteroids?

Asteroid are also reffered to as

first known asteroid

atmospheric free and orbiting around the sun

asteroids that can be perturbed and may go close to Earth

What does NASA stand for?

An agency monitoring asteroids

What are comets composed of?

composed mainly of ice (frozen water and gas) and nonvolatile dust (silicate minerals and carbon giants)

What are the two regions?

The outermost region of the SS

often called the Solar System "Final Frontier"

Located farther than Kuiper belt and remained unexplored

What are the 2 categories of planets based on composition

preferred as inner planets

What are the terrestrial planets

composed of dense, rocky, and metallic materials

referred as gas planets

made up of hydrogen and helium

What are the Jovian planets?

What is the order of the formation of Terrestrial planets?

What is the order of the formation of Jovian planets?

The distance of solar nebula from the protostar which divides the inner warm region of planets from the cooler region.

Hydrogen compounds, rocks, and metals condenses

rocks and metals condense, BUT hydrogen compounds stay gaseous

Within the Solar Nebula, 98% of the material is hydrogen and helium gas that doesn't condense anywhere. TRUE OR FALSE

Within the Solar Nebula, 98% of the material is rocks and metals that doesn't condense anywhere. TRUE OR FALSE

What are the inferior planets?

What are the superior planets?

What are the 7 planets of the ancients?

Formally reclassified from a planet to a dwarf planet in August 24, 2006 because it does not dominate its neighborhood and does not sweep up asteroids, comets, and other debris.

What is the largest moon of pluto?

considered a double planet system because its largest moon (Charon) is about half of its size.

It takes 248 years to orbit the Sun

What are the characteristics of a Dwarf planet?

What are the 4 Celestial Bodies categorized as Dwarf Planet?